Table 2.

Antiaging research of TCM or its active components based on other animal or cell models.

Types of TCM	Role form	Animal models or cell lines	Induced way	Pathways	Ref.
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi flowers	—	Rat	D-galactose-induced	Glutamine–glutamate metabolic pathway	[40]
Rhodiola rosea	Aqueous extract	Silkworm; Bombyx mori	—	IIS	[41]
Gentiana rigescens Franch	Gentiopicroside (GPS)	Yeast	—	Mitochondrial autophagy pathway; antioxidant pathway	[42]
Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim (Rutaceae)	Aqueous extract, volatile oil (VOZ), petroleum ether (PEZ), and methylene chloride	Mice	D-galactose-induced	PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway	[43]
Nigella sativa	Fixed oil	Mice	D-galactose-induced	Antioxidant pathway; antiapoptotic pathway	[44]
Safflower seed	Oil	HaCaT cells and HDF	Ultraviolet B-induced	—	[45]
Pomegranate	Dried pomegranate juice	Mice	UVB-induced	—	[46]
Agastache rugosa Kuntze	Hot water extraction	HaCaT	UVB-induced	—	[47]
Plumbago zeylanica	—	Dermal papilla cells	—	—	[48]
Ginseng	Ginsenoside Rb1	Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)	H2O2-induced	SIRT signaling	[49]