Table 1.
Racial differences in the distribution of women according to anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory scores of selected food items based on the amount and frequency of consumption of food items.
| Anti-inflammatory food items | African American |
Caucasian American |
P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderate to high consumption(score -1 or -2) | Low consumption (score 0) | Moderate to high consumption(score -1 or -2) | Low consumption(score 0) | ||
| Vegetable/fruit juices | |||||
| Real 100% orange juice or grapefruit juice including fresh, frozen or bottled | 106 (32%) | 221 (68%) | 22 (12%) | 160 (88%) | <.0001 |
| Other real juices like apple juice, prune juice, lemonade | 90 (28%) | 237 (72%) | 17 (9%) | 165 (91%) | <.0001 |
| Milk, coffee and tea beverages | |||||
| Coffee regular or decaf | 38 (12%) | 289 (88%) | 42 (23%) | 140 (77%) | .0007 |
| Tea or iced tea | 43 (13%) | 284 (87%) | 74 (41%) | 108 (59%) | <.0001 |
| Milk | 56 (17%) | 271 (83%) | 55 (30%) | 127 (70%) | .0006 |
| Fruits and berries | |||||
| Raw peaches, apricots, nectarines (in season) | 60 (18%) | 267 (82%) | 16 (9%) | 166 (91%) | .0037 |
| Orange or tangerines | 33 (10%) | 294 (90%) | 8 (4%) | 174 (96%) | .0236 |
| Grapes, white, red or green | 80 (24%) | 247 (76%) | 28 (15%) | 154 (85%) | .0163 |
| Canned fruits like applesauce, fruit cocktail or dried fruit like raisins | 22 (7%) | 305 (93%) | 2 (1%) | 180 (99%) | .0036 |
| Vegetables and green leafy vegetables | |||||
| Mustard greens, turnip greens, collards | 24 (7%) | 303 (93%) | 2 (1%) | 180 (99%) | .0013 |
| Cereal and cereal products with high fiber | |||||
| Miscellaneous | |||||
| Catsup, salsa or chili peppers | 36 (11%) | 291 (89%) | 32 (18%) | 150 (82%) | .0367 |
| Proinflammatory food items | African American | Caucasian American | P value | ||
| Moderate to high consumption(score +1 or +2) | Low consumption (score 0) | Moderate to high consumption(score +1 or +2) | Low consumption (score 0) | ||
| Beverages | |||||
| Drinks with some juice in them like sunny delight, Juice squeeze | 46 (14%) | 281 (86%) | 10 (5%) | 172 (95%) | .0031 |
| Kool aid, HI C or other drinks with added vitamin C | 157 (48%) | 170 (52%) | 28 (15%) | 154 (85%) | <.0001 |
| Corn and related items | |||||
| Corn bread or corn muffins | 14 (4%) | 313 (96%) | 1(1%) | 181 (99%) | .0144 |
| Tortillas | 1 (0%) | 326 (100%) | 6 (3%) | 176 (97%) | .0097 |
| Refined foods – cakes, pastries, cookies, biscuits | |||||
| Cakes, sweet rolls, coffee cake | 27 (8%) | 300 (92%) | 4 (2%) | 178 (98%) | .0060 |
| Cookies | 86 (26%) | 241 (74%) | 24 (9%) | 158 (87%) | .0006 |
| Pancakes, waffles, French toast, pop tarts | 38 (12%) | 289 (88%) | 7 (4%) | 175 (96%) | .0031 |
| White bread or toast including French, Italian or in sandwiches | 69 (21%) | 258 (79%) | 23 (13%) | 159 (87%) | .0174 |
| Meat - red, processed and organs | |||||
| Bacon | 101 (31%) | 226 (69%) | 33 (18%) | 149 (82%) | .0017 |
| Hamburgers, cheeseburgers, meat loafs, at home or in restaurant | 58 (18%) | 269 (82%) | 12 (7%) | 170 (93%) | .0005 |
| Hot dogs, hamburgers, sausages | |||||
| Hot dogs or sausages like polish, Italian or chorizos | 24 (7%) | 303 (93%) | 5 (3%) | 177 (97%) | .0441 |
| Breakfast sausages including sausage biscuits | 46 (14%) | 281 (86%) | 8 (4%) | 174 (96%) | .0007 |
| Fried foods | |||||
| Snacks like Potato chips, corn chip, popcorns (not pretzels) | 78 (24%) | 249 (76%) | 21 (12%) | 161 (88%) | .0008 |
| French fries, fried potatoes or hash browns | 55 (17%) | 272 (83%) | 16 (9%) | 166 (91%) | .0122 |
| Fried chicken at home or restaurant | 93 (28%) | 234 (72%) | 10 (5%) | 172 (95%) | <.0001 |
| Fried fish or fish sandwich at home or in restaurant | 41 (13%) | 286 (87%) | 1 (2%) | 178 (98%) | .0001 |
| Candy and bars | |||||
| Chocolate candy or candy bars | 66 (20%) | 261 (80%) | 22 (12%) | 160 (88%) | .0206 |
| Other candy, not chocolate, like hard candy, caramel, jelly beans | 72 (22%) | 255 (78%) | 22 (12%) | 160 (88%) | .0057 |
| Sugar in tea or coffee | 61 (19%) | 266 (81%) | 64 (35%) | 118 (65%) | <.0001 |
Values are number and percentage of the population.
P values are for Pearson χ2 test and Fischer exact test was used when the number were small in any one the groups.