Table 1.
Definitions of phubbing behavior. Prepared by the author(s).
| Definitions of phubbing | Author(s) and year publication |
|---|---|
| “Phubbing can be described as an individual looking at his or her mobile phone during a conversation with other individuals, dealing with the mobile phone and escaping from interpersonal communication” (p.60). | Karadağ et al. (2015) |
| “Phubbing is the action of ignoring someone or multiple people during social events and using smartphones, to check or use Facebook, WhatsApp or other social media applications” (p.40). | Nazir and Pişkin (2016) |
| “Phubbing is the act when mobile devices lead people to ignore the ones beside them, and so cut the interpersonal communication” (p.364). | Cizmeci (2017) |
| “Phubbing is a kind of social exclusion and interpersonal neglect and is used to indicate the interruptions in social relationships caused by mobile phone usage” (p. 207). | Roberts and David (2017) |
| “Phubbing is the act of snubbing someone in a social setting by looking at your smartphone instead of paying attention” (p.304). | Chotpitayasunondh and Douglas (2018a, b) |
| “Phubbing is the act of checking your smartphone in the middle of a real-life conversation with someone else and escaping from interpersonal communication” (p.1). | Balta et al. (2018) |
| “Phubbing is the act of using a smartphone in a social setting of two or more people and interacting with the phone rather than with the other person or people present” (p.449). | Blanca and Bendayan (2018) |
| “Phubbing is the act when one person suddenly turns their gaze downwards and ‘disappears’ into their smartphone in the middle of a social interaction” (p.2). | Aagaard (2019) |
| “Phubbing refers to an individual giving more attention to their mobile phone when in face-to-face communication with another individual” (p.1). | Çikrikci et al. (2019) |
| “Phubbing refers to adverse behavior that occurs in social situations when individuals maintain their focus on their mobile phones at the expense of a reduced focus on the interlocutor who may feel ignored or snubbed” (p.7). | Kaczmarek et al. (2019). |
| “Phubbing means ignoring communication partners in co-present interactions by focusing on one's mobile phone” (p.8). | Schneider and Hitzfeld. (2019) |