Table 1.

Summary table of cases and suggested aetiologies of Collet-Sicard syndrome

Aetiology	No of case reports 1915–2012	Details	Updated no of case reports including 2013–2020
Tumour/oncologic	20		30
Metastatic	12	Prostate (6), breast (2), colon, cervix, other	15
Primary intracranial	3	Glomus jugulare tumour (2) hypoglossal nerve schwannoma (1)	6
Extracranial	5	Plasmacytoma (2), fibrosarcoma, other	9
Vascular: thrombosis/dissection	13		19
Jugular vein	4		5
Carotid artery pathology	9	Dissection (6), aneurysm (2), dysplasia	14 (not including present case)
Trauma	10		17
Basilar skull fracture	7		9
C1 fracture (Jefferson fracture)	2		3
Other/trauma	1		5
Iatrogenic	6	Angiography (4), cardiovascular surgery oral/maxilla-facial surgery	6
Inflammatory or Infectious	2	Polyarteritis nodosa, granulomatosis polyangiitis, osteomyelitis, otitis media/externa, viral	6
Other/congenital	0		2
Total	51		80