Table 2.

Lung volume and apnoeic performance characteristics of breath-hold divers

Reference	Participants	Apnoeic performance characteristics	TLC (L)
Schaefer et al. (1968)	1 EBHD (age: 33 years)	PB Constant Weight Depth: 66 m	9.1
Muth et al. (2003)	2 EBHD	PB STA: 393 ± 41 s (364–422 s) PB Constant Weight Depth: 55 ± 7 m (50–60 m)	9 ± 1.41 (8–10)
Simpson et al. (2003)	1 EBHD	PB STA:  ~ 480 s PB DYN:  ~ 190 m PB Constant Weight Depth:  ~ 90 m	9.28
Overgaard et al. (2006)	7 male BHD (age: 30 ± 2 years)	Years practicing apnoea:  > 2 years	9.73 ± 1.36
Loring et al. (2007)	3 male and 1 female EBHD	PB STA: Male: 511 ± 85 s (405–608 s) Female: 376 s	Male: 9.04 ± 0.67 (8.88–9.78) Female: 5.91
Prommer et al. (2007)	7 male (age: 35 ± 9 years) and 3 female trained BHD (age: 32 ± 6 years)	Years practicing apnoea:  > 3 years	Male: 10.58 ± 3.48 (6.4–12.8) Female: 8.8 ± 1.7 (7.6–10)
Walterspacher et al. (2011)	12 male EBHD	PB STA: 383 ± 47 s (304–469 s) PB Depth: 52 ± 29.4 m (32–125 m) Years of competitive experience: 6.6 ± 3.4 years (1–10 years)	9 ± 1.1 (7.36–10.82)
Ferretti et al. (2012)	8 male extreme BHD (age: 35 ± 4 years)	Assisted breath-hold diving of at least 50 m	8.76 ± 0.63 (7.3–10)
Stembridge et al. (2017)	14 male and 1 female EBHD	PB STA: 401 s (296–560 s) Years of competitive experience: 5.2 years (1.5–14 years)	8.28 ± 1.06

BHD breath-hold divers, DYN dynamic apnoea with fins, EBHD elite breath-hold divers, ND non-divers, PB personal best, STA static apnoea, TLC total lung capacity