Table 2.
Architectural parameters before (Pre), at the 6th week (Wk6), and at the 12th week (Wk12) of study protocol in both passive stretching training (STR) and control (CTRL) groups
| Muscle architecture | STR (N = 15) | CTRL (N = 15) | Time effect | Group × Time Interaction | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Wk6 | Wk12 | Pre | Wk6 | Wk12 | |||
| MID | ||||||||
| GM Lf (mm) | 58.17 ± 8.32 | 59.06 ± 8.54 | 58.31 ± 6.57 | 57.66 ± 8.87 | 57.42 ± 8.16 | 56.50 ± 7.80 |
F = 1.85 P = 0.17 ηp2 = 0.07 |
F = 2.08 P = 0.14 ηp2 = 0.08 |
| GM θ (°) | 20.39 ± 2.48 | 19.87 ± 1.98 | 20.40 ± 2.12 | 21.07 ± 2.37 | 21.12 ± 2.22 | 21.05 ± 2.37 |
F = 0.24 P = 0.79 ηp2 = 0.01 |
F = 1.31 P = 0.28 ηp2 = 0.04 |
| GM MT (mm) | 20.11 ± 2.38 | 20.52 ± 2.55 | 20.08 ± 1.80 | 19.33 ± 2.46 | 19.21 ± 2.13 | 19.20 ± 2.24 |
F = 0.35 P = 0.70 ηp2 = 0.01 |
F = 1.85 P = 0.17 ηp2 = 0.06 |
| GL Lf (mm) | 72.09 ± 11.48 | 71.54 ± 11.98 | 75.19 ± 11.48 | 70.11 ± 11.34 | 71.83 ± 11.34 | 71.83 ± 11.49 |
F = 2.21 P = 0.12 ηp2 = 0.07 |
F = 1.41 P = 0.25 ηp2 = 0.04 |
| GL θ (°) | 12.58 ± 1.48 | 12.73 ± 1.36 | 12.47 ± 1.89 | 12.64 ± 2.58 | 12.65 ± 3.06 | 12.64 ± 2.71 |
F = 0.07 P = 0.93 ηp2 = 0.002 |
F = 0.51 P = 0.59 ηp2 = 0.02 |
| GL MT (mm) | 16.11 ± 2.65 | 16.20 ± 2.99 | 17.05 ± 2.32 | 15.07 ± 2.63 | 15.13 ± 2.69 | 15.06 ± 2.55 |
F = 0.79 P = 0.46 ηp2 = 0.02 |
F = 0.86 P = 0.43 ηp2 = 0.03 |
| SOL Lf (mm) | 41.48 ± 8.44 | 41.05 ± 8.24 | 40.86 ± 8.25 | 40.98 ± 10.44 | 41.56 ± 10.49 | 41.18 ± 10.42 |
F = 0.78 P = 0.46 ηp2 = 0.03 |
F = 2.55 P = 0.10 ηp2 = 0.08 |
| SOL θ (°) | 21.24 ± 3.78 | 21.06 ± 4.07 | 21.50 ± 3.89 | 22.29 ± 5.44 | 22.78 ± 6.00 | 22.93 ± 5.89 |
F = 1.40 P = 0.25 ηp2 = 0.05 |
F = 1.24 P = 0.30 ηp2 = 0.04 |
| SOL MT (mm) | 15.17 ± 2.78 | 15.45 ± 3.03 | 15.28 ± 2.93 | 14.77 ± 3.89 | 15.06 ± 4.19 | 14.76 ± 4.22 |
F = 1.50 P = 0.23 ηp2 = 0.05 |
F = 0.12 P = 0.88 ηp2 = 0.004 |
| DIST | ||||||||
| GM Lf (mm) | 55.52 ± 6.46 | 54.63 ± 9.24 | 55.87 ± 9.55 | 59.64 ± 8.39 | 59.31 ± 8.29 | 59.53 ± 8.28 |
F = 0.59 P = 0.56 ηp2 = 0.02 |
F = 0.09 P = 0.91 ηp2 = 0.04 |
| GM θ (°) | 16.41 ± 3.32 | 16.01 ± 2.74 | 16.40 ± 3.24 | 15.53 ± 3.47 | 15.98 ± 3.73 | 15.80 ± 3.67 |
F = 0.76 P = 0.47 ηp2 = 0.03 |
F = 0.95 P = 0.39 ηp2 = 0.03 |
| GL Lf (mm) | 61.77 ± 12.42 | 59.81 ± 10.25 | 62.00 ± 13.25 | 57.97 ± 9.33 | 58.33 ± 10.00 | 58.14 ± 9.60 |
F = 0.23 P = 0.79 ηp2 = 0.01 |
F = 0.14 P = 0.87 ηp2 = 0.008 |
| GL θ (°) | 10.65 ± 1.89 | 10.15 ± 1.20 | 10.08 ± 1.97 | 11.68 ± 2.74 | 11.40 ± 2.23 | 11.47 ± 2.42 |
F = 0.60 P = 0.55 ηp2 = 0.02 |
F = 0.10 P = 0.90 ηp2 = 0.003 |
| SOL Lf (mm) | 38.32 ± 7.41 | 38.13 ± 7.70 | 38.85 ± 7.87 | 38.93 ± 10.66 | 39.40 ± 10.40 | 39.05 ± 10.42 |
F = 0.96 P = 0.39 ηp2 = 0.04 |
F = 1.09 P = 0.34 ηp2 = 0.04 |
| SOL θ (°) | 12.38 ± 1.71 | 12.55 ± 1.72 | 12.42 ± 1.91 | 13.27 ± 1.49 | 13.16 ± 1.71 | 13.26 ± 1.54 |
F = 0.02 P = 0.98 ηp2 = 0.001 |
F = 0.65 P = 0.53 ηp2 = 0.02 |
Values are mean ± SD
MID, middle portion of muscle belly; DIST, distal portion of muscle belly; GM, gastrocnemius medialis; GL, gastrocnemius lateralis; SOL, soleus; Lf, fascicle length; θ, fascicle angle; MT, muscle thickness; ηp2, partial eta-squared