Table 4.

Univariable Analysis of Associations Between Ocular and Systemic Factors with Central Macular Thickness (CMT) at 12 Months

	Variable	Category	CMT 12m	CMT Baseline Adjusted
Systemic factors			Mean ± SD	Coefficient (95% CI)	P-value
	Age *	-	-	3 (−4, 10)	0.45
	Sex	Male	315 ± 94	0	0.86
		Female	307 ± 76	2 (−17, 20)
	Eye	Right	313 ± 93	0	0.37
		Left	314 ± 83	8 (−9, 25)
	Ethnicity	Black	288 ± 57	0	0.14
		White	323 ± 90	25 (2, 49)
		Far East	294 ± 60	5 (−34, 44)
		South Asian	308 ± 59	20 (−2, 42)
	HbA1c	< 64	314 ± 82	0	0.29
		≥ 64	300 ± 65	−11 (−30, 9)
	eGFR *	-	-	1 (−3, 5)	0.68
	Creatinine (+)	-	-	−6 (−46, 34)	0.77
Ocular factors	CMT baseline **	-	-	30 (21, 39)	<0.001
	Baseline BCVA *	-	-	6 (0, 12)	0.06
	Baseline Macular volume	-	-	−4 (−10, 2)	0.16
	Retinopathy status	R1	311 ± 62	0	0.007
		R2	320 ± 101	2 (−19, 22)
		R3A	286 ± 61	−39 (−67, −13)
		R3S	290 ± 59	−13 (−53, 27)
	Lens status	Cataract	317 ± 93	0	0.35
		Pseudophakic	298 ± 74	−11 (−33, 12)
	Subretinal fluid	No	305 ± 63	0	0.36
		Yes	323 ± 111	−11 (−33, 12)

Notes: **Regression coefficients reported for a 100-unit increase in variable; *Regression coefficients reported for a 10-unit increase in variable; (+) Variable analysed on the log scale (base 10).

Abbreviations: BCVA, best corrected visual acuity; CMT, central macular thickness; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; R1, mild and moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; R2, severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; R3A, active proliferative diabetic retinopathy, R3S, stable treated proliferative diabetic retinopathy.