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. 2021 May 20;13:189–199. doi: 10.2147/OAEM.S308804

Table 3.

The Responses of the Participants Regarding the Effects of the PTT Application on Inter-Professional Communication, Precautionary Responses, and Job-Related Stress at the Emergency Department (n=119)

Category Survey Question Response Median (IQR)* Favorable Response (n, %) P¥
Effects on inter-professional communication The speed of internal communication in the department has been improved. 4 (4, 5) 91 (76.47) <0.0001
The reliability of internal communication in the department has been improved. 4 (3, 4) 81 (68.07) <0.0001
Less effort is required to communicate. 4 (4, 5) 97 (81.51) <0.0001
Improved access to ED team 4 (4, 5) 94 (78.99) <0.0001
Improved physician response times to urgent COVID-19 reporting 4 (4, 5) 94 (78.99) <0.0001
I am less likely to delay contacting a physician. 4 (3, 4) 84 (70.59) <0.0001
Improved non-physician response times 4 (3, 4) 88 (73.95) <0.0001
Improved job satisfaction 4 (3, 4) 75 (63.03) <0.0001
Internal communication still needs further improvements. 4 (4, 5) 99 (83.19) <0.0001
Effects on the Precautionary Responses I have sufficient time to wear the personal protective equipment and to take other precautionary infection control measures. 4 (4, 4) 94 (78.99) <0.0001
Staff safety has been improved due to reduced exposure to infection. 4 (3, 4) 70 (58.82) <0.0001
The time required for patient care has been reduced due to promoted preparedness. 3 (3, 4) 59 (49.58) <0.0001
The effects on Job-related Stress I have become less worried about acquiring the COVID-19 infection 3 (3, 4) 41 (34.45) 0.065
I have become more restful. 3 (3, 4) 52 (43.7) <0.0001
I do not have trouble remembering things. 4 (3, 4) 62 (52.1) <0.0001
I do not feel discouraged\frustrated\disappointed. 4 (3, 4) 61 (51.26) <0.0001
Improved my comfort at the workplace. 4 (3, 4) 83 (69.75) <0.0001

Notes: *All responses were presented on a 5-point Likert scale, where 5 indicates the highest grade (strongly agree). Favorable responses indicate the frequencies of participants with the following responses: agree (Likert grade 4) or strongly agree (Likert grade 5). ¥The p value to test the null hypothesis using a sign test (to investigate whether the median response equals 3 [neutral]).

Abbreviations: ED, emergency department; IQR, interquartile range.