Table 2.
Knowledge, attitude, preparedness and digital health acceptance toward COVID-19.
| Overall (n = 523) | |
|---|---|
| (a) COVID-19 awareness and concern | n (%)/mean ± SD |
| On a scale of 1 to 10, how serious of a public health threat do you think the COVID-19 is or might become? (1 being no threat at all, 10 being a very serious public health threat) | 7.6 ± 2.4 |
| How worried are you about getting the COVID-19? | |
| Very worried | 175 (33.5) |
| A little worried | 184 (35.2) |
| Not worried at all | 164 (31.4) |
| Do you think that you will get sick from the COVID-19 ? | |
| I definitely will | 81 (15.5) |
| I probably will | 113 (21.6) |
| Neutral | 138 (26.4) |
| Not at all | 191 (36.5) |
| How likely it is that someone you know may get sick from the COVID-19 this year? | |
| Very likely | 34 (6.5) |
| Somewhat likely | 60 (11.5) |
| Neutral | 156 (29.8) |
| Somewhat unlikely | 60 (11.5) |
| Not at all likely | 213 (40.7) |
| (b) COVID-19 knowledge | |
| Are you aware that COVID-19 carriers can be asymptomatic? For example, absence of running nose, cough, fever or appearing to be fine | |
| Yes | 395 (75.5) |
| Unsure | 77 (14.7) |
| No | 51 (9.8) |
| On a scale of 1 to 10, how likely do you think a person who is infected by COVID-19 will display no symptoms or mild symptoms? e.g. mild cough, itchy throat and mild fever. (1 being not at all likely, 10 being a very likely) | 5.3 ± 2.3 |
| On a scale of 1 to 10, how likely do you think a person who get COVID-19 will die as a result? (1 being not at all likely, 10 being a very likely) | 5.1 ± 2.7 |
| Which of the following do you think are important prevention methods for the COVID-19?: | |
| Wear a mask (as long as you are outside of the house) | |
| Yes | 511 (97.7) |
| Unsure | 3 (0.6) |
| No | 9 (1.7) |
| Keep a minimum distance of 1 m from others in the public | |
| Yes | 502 (96.0) |
| Unsure | 5 (1.0) |
| No | 16 (3.1) |
| Wash your hands frequently | |
| Yes | 509 (97.3) |
| Unsure | 3 (0.6) |
| No | 11 (2.1) |
| Stay at home as much as possible | |
| Yes | 492 (94.1) |
| Unsure | 9 (1.7) |
| No | 22 (4.2) |
| Avoid touching your face, eyes, nose and mouth | |
| Yes | 483 (92.4) |
| Unsure | 13 (2.5) |
| No | 27 (5.2) |
| (c) Information sources on COVID-19 | |
| Where do you get information about COVID-19? (Check all that apply) | |
| TV | 472 (90.2) |
| Newspaper | 260 (49.7) |
| Radio | 177 (33.8) |
| Family and Friends | 208 (39.8) |
| Posters/Leaflets | 29 (5.5) |
| Hospital/Polyclinic/GP | 14 (2.7) |
| Internet/ Sharing on Social Media (Facebook/Twitter/etc.) | 136 (26.0) |
| Sharing on messaging applications (Whatsapp/ etc.) | 120 (22.9) |
| (d) Confidence in Government and Individual Preparedness | |
| How confident are you that Singapore government can prevent a further widespread outbreak in the local community? | |
| Very confident | 363 (69.4) |
| Somewhat confident | 91 (17.4) |
| Neutral | 56 (10.7) |
| Not very confident | 8 (1.5) |
| Not confident at all | 5 (1.0) |
| How prepared do you think you are if there were to be a further widespread outbreak in the local community? | |
| Very prepared | 193 (36.9) |
| Somewhat prepared | 153 (29.3) |
| Neutral | 138 (26.4) |
| Not very well prepared | 22 (4.2) |
| Not prepared at all | 17 (3.3) |
| (e) Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on General Health and Well-being | |
| How much has the COVID-19 pandemic changed your daily routine? | |
| A lot | 159 (30.4) |
| Moderate | 112 (21.4) |
| A little | 139 (26.6) |
| Not at all | 113 (21.6) |
| How much has the COVID-19 pandemic caused you to lose sleep? | |
| Less than usual | 57 (10.9) |
| No more than usual | 410 (78.4) |
| Rather more than usual | 44 (8.4) |
| Much more than usual | 12 (2.3) |
| How much has the COVID-19 pandemic caused you to feel under stress? | |
| Less than usual | 62 (11.9) |
| No more than usual | 363 (69.4) |
| Rather more than usual | 75 (14.3) |
| Much more than usual | 23 (4.4) |
| How much has the COVID-19 pandemic caused you to feel ‘unable to face up’ to problems encountered? | |
| Less than usual | 59 (11.3) |
| No more than usual | 421 (80.5) |
| Rather more than usual | 30 (5.7) |
| Much more than usual | 13 (2.5) |
| Feel unhappy and depressed | |
| Less than usual | 64 (12.2) |
| No more than usual | 363 (69.4) |
| Rather more than usual | 78 (14.9) |
| Much more than usual | 18 (3.4) |
| (f) Assessment on Individual Acceptance towards Digital Health, Pre and Post COVID-19 | |
| Before the COVID-19 outbreak, have you used any of these ‘digital medical services’ for medical consultation or follow-up? (Check all that apply) | |
| None at all | 513 (98.1) |
| Messaging applications with doctors (for example, Whatsapp/ SMS text chat) | 8 (1.5) |
| Video consultation with doctors | 3 (0.6) |
| Do you agree that the digital medical services mentioned in the previous question may be helpful to reduce non-essential contact between patients and doctors/health care providers? | |
| Yes | 273 (52.2) |
| Unsure | 143 (27.3) |
| No | 107 (20.5) |
| If the COVID-19 pandemic continues, how likely will you use these digital medical services (video consultation with doctors, Whatsapp/ SMS text chat) | |
| Very likely | 49 (9.4) |
| Somewhat likely | 83 (15.9) |
| Neutral | 100 (19.1) |
| Somewhat unlikely | 33 (6.3) |
| Not at all likely | 258 (49.3) |
| If the COVID-19 pandemic continues, will you feel comfortable using automated software/AI systems to interpret your medical tests/scans and provide advice automatically? | |
| Very comfortable | 48 (9.2) |
| Somewhat comfortable | 68 (13.0) |
| Neutral | 102 (19.5) |
| Somewhat uncomfortable | 41 (7.8) |
| Not at all comfortable | 264 (50.5) |