Table 3.
Association between demographic, socio-economic factors and medical history with levels of concern, preparedness and behaviours related to COVID-19.
| Factors | Concern | Preparedness | Related behaviours | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not Worried | Not Prepared | Change of daily routine+ | Well-being affected* | |||||
| OR (95%CI) | P | OR (95%CI) | P | OR (95%CI) | P | OR (95%CI) | P | |
| Age, per 5 years older | 1.18 (0.99–1.39) | 0.061 | 1.16 (0.89–1.53) | 0.273 | 0.75 (0.62–0.91) | 0.004 | 0.88 (0.73–1.04) | 0.135 |
| Female gender | 1.03 (0.63–1.69) | 0.892 | 1.49 (0.66–3.37) | 0.340 | 0.64 (0.36–1.14) | 0.132 | 1.19 (0.72–1.95) | 0.498 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Malay | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Indian | 5.37 (3.03–9.53) | < 0.001 | 2.10 (0.68–6.50) | 0.200 | 0.37 (0.20–0.70) | 0.002 | 2.93 (1.45–5.92) | 0.003 |
| Chinese | 1.00 (0.54–1.83) | 0.992 | 3.50 (1.21–10.10) | 0.021 | 2.28 (1.09–4.76) | 0.028 | 6.78 (3.46–13.29) | < 0.001 |
| Income Category | ||||||||
| < SGD $2000 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| ≥ SGD $2000 | 1.01 (0.55–1.87) | 0.972 | 0.85 (0.28–2.55) | 0.770 | 3.06 (1.27–7.36) | 0.012 | 0.90 (0.49–1.64) | 0.724 |
| Formal Education# | 1.24 (0.50–3.08) | 0.640 | 0.90 (0.26–3.20) | 0.877 | 1.96 (0.81–4.71) | 0.134 | 0.78 (0.30–1.99) | 0.601 |
| Housing category | ||||||||
| 1–2 room public housing flat | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| 3–4 room public housing flat | 2.11 (0.64–6.90) | 0.219 | 0.74 (0.15–3.58) | 0.706 | 1.73 (0.61–4.92) | 0.307 | 1.94 (0.51–7.31) | 0.330 |
| ≥ 5-room public housing flat | 1.65 (0.47–5.79) | 0.435 | 0.53 (0.09–2.99) | 0.474 | 1.13 (0.36–3.58) | 0.830 | 2.31 (0.58–9.12) | 0.233 |
| Current smoking status, yes | 0.81 (0.36–1.84) | 0.621 | 1.70 (0.50–5.78) | 0.396 | 1.09 (0.39–3.00) | 0.872 | 1.47 (0.66–3.27) | 0.348 |
| Living alone, yes | 1.00 (0.37–2.65) | 0.995 | 0.76 (0.16–3.59) | 0.728 | 0.84 (0.29–2.46) | 0.755 | 0.93 (0.36–2.42) | 0.881 |
| History of any chronic systemic diseases+, yes | 0.59 (0.26–1.32) | 0.200 | 1.47 (0.32–6.77) | 0.623 | 0.76 (0.24–2.44) | 0.642 | 0.56 (0.26–1.21) | 0.141 |
SGD = Singapore Dollar.
+Answered either ‘A Little’, ‘Moderate’ or ‘A lot’ on change in daily routine.
*Answered either ‘More than usual’ or ‘Much more than usual’, for at least one of the questions on well-being impacted.
#Defined as having primary or higher education.
+Defined as having diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease or hyperlipidaemia.