TABLE 1.
Circadian regulation of genes coding for proteins associated with Ca2+ signaling in mice.
| Gene name | Description of the encoded protein | E-boxa | ROREsb | Oscillates in SCNc | Acrophased |
| ip3r | IP3-sensitive Ca2+ channel localized to the ER | √ (1169) | √ (1020) | √ | Night |
| pkcα | Protein kinase that can be activated by Ca2+ | √ (15780) | √ (680) | √ | Night |
| camkiiα | Protein kinase that is regulated by the Ca2+/calmodulin complex | √ (3420) | √ (1200) | √ | Night |
| rack1 | Intracellular protein receptor for PKC | √ (720) | √ (700) | √ | Morning |
| plcβ-1 | Enzyme mediator of signal transduction through Ca2+ pathways | X | √ (1260) | X | Night |
| serca | Ca2+ transporter ATPase from cytosol to ER | √ (10.173) | √ (1680) | X | Night |
| calcineurin | Ca2+-dependent protein phosphatase involved signal transduction | √ (4340) | √ (1740) | √ | Morning |
| cask | Protein kinase that regulates signal transduction in multiple pathways including Ca2+ | √ (7340) | √ (2280) | √ | Morning |
| cacna1c | Subunit of L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel | √ (6400) | √ (420) | X | Night |
| cacna1g | Subunit of T-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel | √ (3610) | √ (3680) | √ | Evening |
| ryr3 | Ca2+ release channel in the ER in response to depolarization of the cell expressed in neurons | √ (13140) | √ (2200) | √ | Night |
aNumber of base pairs upstream of the transcription start site where the E-BOX sequence (CACGTG) (Hao et al., 1997) is found.
bNumber of base pairs upstream of the transcription start site where the ROR response sequence (AGGTCA) (Preitner et al., 2002) is located.
cCircadian oscillation in the transcript levels of genes in SCN according to database generated using HTseq and DESeq2 (http://wgpembroke.com/shiny/SCNseq/) (Pembroke et al., 2015).
d“Morning” refers to ZT0-ZT6; “evening” to ZT6-ZT12; and “night” to ZT12-24.