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. 2021 May 24;11:10738. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90265-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Visualization of bacteria/virus/COVID-19 parameter space with t-SNE method. Each dot represents a patient or more specifically, an embedding of his/her blood parameters into a two-dimensional space, and its color represents the group. Blue dots represent patients with viral infections other than COVID-19, orange dots patients with bacterial infections and red dots patients with COVID-19. Green dots in panel (a) represent COVID-19 patients who died (10 patients) and in panel (b) COVID-19 patients diagnosed with acute respiratory failure (38 patients). Medoids of bacteria/virus/COVID-19/”COVID-19 death” groups on panel (a) and bacteria/virus/COVID-19/”COVID-19 ARF” groups on panel (b) are also marked.