FIGURE 1.

Chemotherapeutic drugs upregulates ROS and induce CD13 expression. Effect of chemotherapeutic drugs on ROS levels. PLC/PRF/5 and Huh7 cells were treated with H₂O₂ or 5FU, GEM and EPI combined with NAC (500 μM) for 48 h. (A–D) The intracellular ROS levels (E–H) the expression of CD13 detected by flow cytometry. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 3). *p ≤ 0.05, ***p ≤ 0.001. (I) The mitochondrial membrane potential measured by flow cytometry in PLC/PRF/5 cells treated with 5FU, GEM, and EPI. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 3). *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01. (J,K) Cell proliferation was measured by EdU assay in PLC/PRF/5 and Huh7 cells treated with 5FU, GEM and EPI, or combined with NAC for 48 h. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 3). *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01.