Table 4.
Focus on Anxiety, Depression, Stress, and Mental Health: analysis of categorical socio-demographic features (n, % column).
| Variable | BAI | BDI | IES | GHQ | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum | Medium | High | p | Minimal | Mild | Moderate | Severe | P | Subclinical | Mild | Moderate | Severe | p | No problem | Some problems | Several problems | p | |||
| N = 653 (100%) | N = 318 | N = 207 | N = 128 | N = 471 | N = 104 | N = 51 | N = 27 | N = 207 | N = 213 | N = 148 | N = 85 | N = 53 | N = 330 | N = 270 | ||||||
| Gender | Males | 220 (32%) |
198 (34%) |
8 (13%) |
4 (33%) |
0.003 | 173 (37%) |
22 (21%) |
8 (16%) |
7 (26%) |
<0.001 | 26 (49%) |
120 (36%) |
64 (24%) |
<0.001 | |||||
| Females | 445 (68%) |
381 (66%) |
54 (87%) |
8 (67%) |
298 (63%) |
82 (79%) |
43 (84%) |
20 (74%) |
27 (51%) |
210 (64%) |
206 (76%) |
|||||||||
| Cat. HCWS | Medical Doctors/Physicianss | 286 (44%) |
267 (46%) |
16 (26%) |
3 (25%) |
0.022 | ||||||||||||||
| Resi-dents | 99 (15%) |
88 (15%) |
8 (13%) |
3 (25%) |
||||||||||||||||
| Nurses | 137 (21%) |
116 (20% |
18 (29%) |
3 (25%) |
||||||||||||||||
| Other | 131 (20%) |
108 (19%) |
20 (32%) |
3 (25%) |
||||||||||||||||
| Changes in Habits | No | 89 (14%) |
41 (20%) |
31 (15%) |
13 (9%) |
4 (5%) |
0.028 | 15 (28%) |
57 (17%) |
17 (6%) |
<0.001 | |||||||||
| Yes | 564 (86%) |
166 (80%) |
182 (85%) |
135 (91%) |
81 (95%) |
38 (72%) |
273 (83%) |
253 (94%) |
||||||||||||
| Non-COVID health problems | No | 556 (85%) |
419 (89%) |
74 (71%) |
41 (80%) |
22 (81%) |
<0.001 | 188 (91%) |
176 (83%) |
125 (84%) |
67 (79%) |
0.001 | 48 (91%) |
290 (88%) |
218 (81%) |
0.026 | ||||
| Yes | 97 (15%) |
52 (11%) |
30 (29%) |
10 (20%) |
5 (19%) |
34 (16%) |
37 (17%) |
38 (26%) |
16 (19%) |
5 (9%) |
40 (12%) |
52 (19%) |
||||||||
| Family mem-bers positive to 2019-nCOV | No | 454 (70%) |
42 (79%) |
238 (72%) |
174 (64%) |
0.035 | ||||||||||||||
| Yes | 199 (30%) |
11 (21%) |
92 (28%) |
96 (36%) |
||||||||||||||||
Only statistically significant differences (p <0.05) are shown.
Cat. HCWS, Category Healthcare Worker; BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; IES, Impact of Event Scale; GHQ, General Health Questionnaire; p, p-Value; Min, Minimal; Mod, Moderate.
Cut-off scores
BECK ANXIETY INVENTORY Minimum 0–21, Medium 22–35, High ≥ 36.
BECK DEPRESSION INVENTORY Minimal 0–13, Mild 14–19, Moderate 20–28, Severe 29–63.
IMPACT OF EVENT SCALE Subclinical 0–8, Mild 9–25, Moderate 26–43, Severe ≥ 44.
GENERAL HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE No problem 0–14, Some problems 15–19, Several problems 20–36.