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. 2021 May 11;9:667379. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.667379

Table 4.

Focus on Anxiety, Depression, Stress, and Mental Health: analysis of categorical socio-demographic features (n, % column).

Variable BAI BDI IES GHQ
Minimum Medium High p Minimal Mild Moderate Severe P Subclinical Mild Moderate Severe p No problem Some problems Several problems p
N = 653 (100%) N = 318 N = 207 N = 128 N = 471 N = 104 N = 51 N = 27 N = 207 N = 213 N = 148 N = 85 N = 53 N = 330 N = 270
Gender Males 220
(32%)
198
(34%)
8
(13%)
4
(33%)
0.003 173
(37%)
22
(21%)
8
(16%)
7
(26%)
<0.001 26
(49%)
120
(36%)
64
(24%)
<0.001
Females 445
(68%)
381
(66%)
54
(87%)
8
(67%)
298
(63%)
82
(79%)
43
(84%)
20
(74%)
27
(51%)
210
(64%)
206
(76%)
Cat. HCWS Medical Doctors/Physicianss 286
(44%)
267
(46%)
16
(26%)
3
(25%)
0.022
Resi-dents 99
(15%)
88
(15%)
8
(13%)
3
(25%)
Nurses 137
(21%)
116
(20%
18
(29%)
3
(25%)
Other 131
(20%)
108
(19%)
20
(32%)
3
(25%)
Changes in Habits No 89
(14%)
41
(20%)
31
(15%)
13
(9%)
4
(5%)
0.028 15
(28%)
57
(17%)
17
(6%)
<0.001
Yes 564
(86%)
166
(80%)
182
(85%)
135
(91%)
81
(95%)
38
(72%)
273
(83%)
253
(94%)
Non-COVID health problems No 556
(85%)
419
(89%)
74
(71%)
41
(80%)
22
(81%)
<0.001 188
(91%)
176
(83%)
125
(84%)
67
(79%)
0.001 48
(91%)
290
(88%)
218
(81%)
0.026
Yes 97
(15%)
52
(11%)
30
(29%)
10
(20%)
5
(19%)
34
(16%)
37
(17%)
38
(26%)
16
(19%)
5
(9%)
40
(12%)
52
(19%)
Family mem-bers positive to 2019-nCOV No 454
(70%)
42
(79%)
238
(72%)
174
(64%)
0.035
Yes 199
(30%)
11
(21%)
92
(28%)
96
(36%)

Only statistically significant differences (p <0.05) are shown.

Cat. HCWS, Category Healthcare Worker; BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; IES, Impact of Event Scale; GHQ, General Health Questionnaire; p, p-Value; Min, Minimal; Mod, Moderate.

Cut-off scores

BECK ANXIETY INVENTORY Minimum 0–21, Medium 22–35, High ≥ 36.

BECK DEPRESSION INVENTORY Minimal 0–13, Mild 14–19, Moderate 20–28, Severe 29–63.

IMPACT OF EVENT SCALE Subclinical 0–8, Mild 9–25, Moderate 26–43, Severe ≥ 44.

GENERAL HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE No problem 0–14, Some problems 15–19, Several problems 20–36.