Table 7.
Results of the multivariate analysis.
| OR | IC (95%) | χ2 | Df | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MBI D | Categories HCWs/physicians | Residents in training vs. medical doctors/physicians | 1.399 | (0.90478–2.1631) | 15.17 | 3 | <0.001 |
| Nurses vs. medical doctors/physicians | 0.55424 | (0.37501–0.81914) | |||||
| Others vs. medical doctors/physicians | 1.0595 | (0.71372–1.5729) | |||||
| MBI EE | Gender | Male vs. female | 0.64753 | (0.47133–0.8896) | 7.19 | 1 | 0.01 |
| BAI | Gender | Male vs. female | 0.37872 | (0.19941–0.71926) | 8.8 | 1 | <0.001 |
| BDI | Gender | Male vs. female | 0.44647 | (0.29719–0.67071) | 15.08 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Health problems not related to COVID−19 | Yes vs. no | 2.2887 | (1.4989–3.4948) | 14.7 | 1 | <0.001 | |
| IES | Gender | Male vs. female | 0.35362 | (0.25809–0.48452) | 41.86 | 1 | 0 |
| Health problems not related to COVID-19 | Yes vs. no | 1.581 | (1.0696–2.3369) | 5.28 | 1 | 0.02 | |
| Family members positive to 2019-nCOV | Yes vs. no | 1.4084 | (1.0383–1.9103) | 4.85 | 1 | 0.03 | |
| Changing of family habits for fear of infecting loved ones | No vs. yes | 0.54081 | (0.29925–0.97734) | 10.38 | 2 | 0.01 | |
| No answer vs. yes | 0.55438 | (0.36118–0.85092) | |||||
| GHQ | Gender | Male vs. female | 0.51319 | (0.36652–0.71857) | 15.09 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Health problems not related to COVID-19 | Yes vs. no | 2.0234 | (1.3–3.1494) | 9.75 | 1 | <0.001 | |
| Change of family habits due to COVID−19 pandemic | No vs. Yes | 0.34966 | (0.22098–0.55329) | 20.14 | 1 | <0.001 | |
| Categories HCWs | Residents in training vs. medical doctors/physicians | 0.15378 | (-0.307961–0.61553) | 10.39 | 3 | 0.020 | |
| Nurses vs. medical doctors/physicians | 0.59158 | (0.39181–0.8932) | |||||
| Others vs. medical doctors/physicians | 0.66587 | (0.44323–1.0003) |
MBI, Maslach Burnout Inventory; EE, Emotional Exhaustion; D, Depersonalization; GHQ, General Health Questionnaire; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; IES-R, Impact of Event Scale Revised; HCW, health workers; OR, Odds Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval; p, p-value.
Cut-off scores
MBI–EE: Low ≤ 17, Med 18–29, High ≥30.
MBI–D: Low ≤ 05, Med 6–11, High ≥12.
MBI–PA: Low ≥40, Med 35–39, High ≤ 34.
BECK ANXIETY INVENTORY Low 0–21, Moderate 22–35, High ≥ 36.
BECK DEPRESSION INVENTORY Minimal 0–13, Mild 14–19, Moderate 20–28, Severe 29–63.
IMPACT OF EVENT SCALE Subclinical 0–8, Mild 9–25, Moderate 26–43, Severe ≥ 44.
GENERAL HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE No problem 0–14, Some problems 15–19, Several problems 20–36.