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. 2021 May 24;12:3073. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23220-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Comparison of serum leptin levels between responders (n = 71, grey) and non-responders (n = 5, red) in healthy adults (18–60 years, n = 76) immunized with the influenza vaccine. Dotted line indicates healthy individuals with low leptin levels (lower 25%, <4.8 ng/mL) and sufficient leptin levels (higher 75%, ≥4.8 ng/mL). b Comparison of response rates between low leptin (n = 19) and sufficient leptin (n = 57) groups. c Comparison of serum leptin levels between responders (n = 68, grey) and non-responders (n = 15, red) in healthy elderly adults (>65 years, n = 83) immunized with the influenza vaccine. Dotted line indicates healthy individuals with low leptin levels (lower 25%, <8.8 ng/mL) and sufficient leptin levels (higher 75%, ≥8.8 ng/mL). d Comparison of response rates between low leptin (n = 21) and sufficient leptin (n = 62) groups. e Comparison of serum leptin levels between responders (n = 14, grey) and non-responders (n = 8, red) in healthy young adults (18–25 years, n = 22) immunized with the HBV vaccine. Dotted line indicates healthy individuals with low leptin levels (lower 25%, <3.2 ng/mL) and sufficient leptin levels (higher 75%, ≥3.2 ng/mL). f, Comparison of response rates between low leptin (n = 8) and sufficient leptin (n = 14) groups. Data from individuals (dots) and the median values (bars) are shown for a, c and e; Mann–Whitney test was used for analysis (a, c, e). Percentages and numbers are shown for b, d and f; Chi-Square tests were used for analysis (b, d, f). Detailed demographics of each cohort are shown in Supplementary Tables 1-3. For correlation of leptin levels and antibody responses see Supplementary Fig. 1.