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. 2021 May 24;12:3073. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23220-x

Fig. 7. Fasting impairs vaccination-mediated protection, which can be compensated by leptin replacement.

Fig. 7

a WT female mice were immunized (s.c.) with human influenza vaccine, following various feeding regimens: normal diet (Fed) (n = 18, black line), fasting with PBS (Fast + PBS) (n = 18, red line), fasting with leptin treatment (Fast + leptin) (n = 19, cyan line); mice were intranasally challenged with H1N1 influenza virus and analysed 6 days post-infection. b Accumulative survival curve of mice after viral challenge (Fast + PBS vs Fed: *P = 0.0369). c ELISA measurement of H1N1-specific IgG1, IgG2b and IgG2c in sera (IgG1: **P = 0.0073, **P = 0.0076; IgG2b: *P = 0.0133, *P = 0.0258; IgG2c: *P = 0.0326, *P = 0.0252) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) (IgG1: *P = 0.0488, *P = 0.0240; IgG2c: *P = 0.0271, *P = 0.0481). d–f Representative FACS plots and statistics showing frequencies of GC B cells in B cells (d) (*P = 0.0446, *P = 0.0197) and ASCs in lymphocytes (e) (*P = 0.0261, **P = 0.0081), and TFH cells in CD44+Foxp3+ CD4+ T cells (f) (**P = 0.0022, *P = 0.0197) in the mediastinal lymph nodes 6 days post-infection. Data are shown for individual (dots, n = 7) and mean (bars) values, and analysed by Log-rank tests (b), two-way ANOVA (c–f). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. Results are representative of two independent experiments.