Table 1.
Overall study characteristics.
| Study | Population (n) | Country | Design | Mean age (years) | Male (%) | Mean follow-up (months) | Clinical assessment | Image interpretation | Time since onset of symptoms (years) | Diagnosis at baseline/reason for scan |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bairactaris et al.6 | 61 | Greece | Prospective, single-arm | 64.73 ± 13.60 | 61% | 12 | NR | Semi-quantitative | 4.36 | PD (34), ET (15), VP (3), DIP (1) Other (8) |
| Bega et al.7 | 83 | USA | Retrospective, single-arm | NR | NR | NR | UK PD Brain Bank | Visual and semi-quantitative | NR | PD vs. ET (18), PD vs. DIP (18), PD vs. VP (12), PD vs. normal variant (11), Multifactorial gait D/o (7), Patient requested (4), uncertain PD (3), Unusual tremor (2), Known Dx of MS (2), Myelopathic signs (2), Dystonic features (1), Myoclonus (1), Psychogenic (1), Young-onset with atypical features (1) |
| Bhattacharjee et al.10 | 256 | UK | Retrospective, single-arm | 71.65 ± 16.02 | 53% | NR | modified H&Y/UK PD Brain Bank | Visual and semi-quantitative | 4.35 | PD (190), VP (5), ET (18), DIP (8), Other (8) LBD (22), Diagnosis Uncertain (5) |
| Crotty et al.11 | 261 | Ireland | Retrospective, single-arm | 65.6 ± 12.22 | 57% | NR | NR | NR | NR | PS (163), LBD (7), DIP (45), PD vs. ET (12), PD vs. dementia (2), PS vs. PD (19), PD progression (2), PD vs. VP (8), PD vs. dystonia (2), unclear (1) |
| Garcia Vicente et al.12 | 42 | Spain | Retrospective, single-arm | 78.7 (50–88) | 38% | 12 | NR | Visual and semi-quantitative | NR | PD (19), VP (14), ET (5), DIP (2), Other (2) |
| Graebner et al.13 | 27 | USA | Prospective, single-arm | 61.2 ± 13.4 | 52% | 1 | NR | NR | 4.1 | DP vs. ET (5), DP vs. VP (4), DP vs. DIP (4), DP vs. psychogenic or malingering (3), DP vs. others (6), Patient request (4) |
| Hesse et al.14 | 278 | Germany | Retrospective, single-arm | 63 ± 12 | 59% | 18 | UK PD Brain Bank/MDS-PD/PSP criteria | NR | 4.25 | PD (129), MSA (10), PSP (8), VP (15), SWEDD (116) |
| Jennings et al.15 | 35 | USA | Retrospective, single-arm | 66.8 (46.2–81.7) | 63% | 6 | NR | Quantitative | 2.4 | PS (30), non-PS (5) |
| Kupsch et al.16 | 113 | Europe/USA | RCT (DaTscan arm) | 67.08 ± 11.93 | 56% | 1 and 3 | H&Y | Visual | 2.45 | PS (69), non-PS (26), inconclusive (13) |
| Løkkegaard et al.17 | 58 | Denmark | Retrospective, single-arm | 59 ± 14 | 97% | 14 | UK PD Brain Bank | Visual | 6.76 | PD (16), possible PD (41), possible PD plus (19), DIP (4), dystonia (6), ET (4) |
| Marek et al.18 | 701 | USA/Canada | Retrospective, re-analysis of RCT data | 60 | 73% | 21 | H&Y | NR | NR | NR |
| Marshall et al.19 | 150 | UK | Retrospective, single-arm | 63 ± 12 | 44% | 28.8 | UK PD Brain Bank | Visual | 2.7 | Tremor (112), gait abnormality (18), mixed features (20) |
| Mirpour et al.20 | 134 | USA | Retrospective, single-arm | 64.4 ± 12.6 | 78% | 17 | NR | Visual and semi-quantitative | 3 | Tremor (59), tone (37), postural ability (46), symptom predominance (46) |
| Oravivattanakul et al.21 | 175 | USA | Retrospective, single-arm | 63 (33–88) | 53% | NR | NR | Visual | NR | PD (70), DIP/VP/NPH/hypermanganese/structural lesions/stiff-person syndrome/toxic-metabolic/Fragile X–associated ataxia syndrome/psychogenic parkinsonism (46), ET (14), uncertain diagnosis (45) |
| Sadasivan et al.22 | 65 | USA | Retrospective, single-arm | 64 (18–88) | 49% | 7.5 | NR | NR | NR | Parkinsonism without tremor (33), Tremor predominant parkinsonism (19), Gait disorder predominant parkinsonism (13) |
| Siefert et al.23 | 112 | USA | Retrospective, single-arm | NR | NR | NR | NR | Visual | NR | Ambiguous (70), not responding to treatment (51), patient considering surgery (2), considered for clinical trial (1) |
| Sixel-Doring et al.24 | 125 | Germany | Retrospective, single-arm | 65.5 ± 9.3 (non-Parkinsonian) 60.6 ± 11.7 (possible PD) | 54% | NR | MDS-PD | Visual and semi-quantitative | 3.84 | PD (85), non-Parkinsonian tremor (40) |
| Thiriez et al.25 | 516 | France | Retrospective, single-arm | 62.6 ± 12.6 | 56% | NR | NR | Visual and semi-quantitative | NR | NR |
| Tolosa et al.26 | 118 | 8 EU countries | Prospective, single-arm | 65.5 ± 11.2 | 50% | NR | H&Y | Visual | 3.8 | PD (59), other PS (8), ET (16), other non-pre-synaptic PS (10), inconclusive (25) |
| Yomtoob et al.27 | 55 | USA | Retrospective, single-arm | 64.549 | 55% | 0–24 | NR | NR | NR | PD vs. DIP |
CD cerebellar disorder, DIP drug-induced parkinsonism, ET essential tremor, H&Y Hoehn & Yahr stage, MSA multiple system atrophy, NR not reported, PD Parkinson’s Disease, PS Parkinsonian syndrome, PSP progressive supranuclear palsy, VP vascular Parkisonism.