Table 2.

Post-diagnostic coffee and tea consumption in relation to mortality after breast cancer diagnosis (n = 8900) in the Nurses’ Health Study and Nurses’ Health Study II.

	Consumption levels					Ptrend	Per 1 cup/day increase
	Nondrinker	>0 to 1 cup/day	>1 to 2 cups/day	>2 to 3 cups/day	>3 cups/day
Total coffee
Breast cancer-specific mortality
No. of deaths	166	328	187	250	123
Person-years	14,207	27,648	17,913	27,478	14,383
Model 1	1	0.95 (0.78–1.14)	0.76 (0.62–0.94)	0.69 (0.57–0.84)	0.60 (0.48–0.76)	<0.0001	0.87 (0.82–0.91)
Model 2	1	0.99 (0.82–1.20)	1.09 (0.88–1.36)	0.83 (0.67–1.02)	0.75 (0.59–0.96)	0.002	0.92 (0.87–0.97)
Model 2+pre-diagnostic total coffee	1	0.89 (0.71–1.12)	0.92 (0.71–1.20)	0.66 (0.51–0.85)	0.54 (0.40–0.73)	<0.0001	0.85 (0.79–0.91)
All-cause mortality
No. of deaths	355	786	509	565	286
Person-years	14,207	27,648	17,913	27,478	14,383
Model 1	1	0.94 (0.83–1.07)	0.91 (0.79–1.04)	0.70 (0.61–0.80)	0.68 (0.58–0.80)	<0.0001	0.89 (0.86–0.92)
Model 2	1	0.96 (0.84–1.09)	1.03 (0.89–1.19)	0.76 (0.66–0.87)	0.74 (0.63–0.87)	<0.0001	0.91 (0.88–0.95)
Model 2+pre-diagnostic total coffee	1	0.88 (0.75–1.03)	0.91 (0.76–1.08)	0.64 (0.54–0.77)	0.58 (0.47–0.70)	<0.0001	0.86 (0.83–0.90)
Regular coffee
Breast cancer-specific mortality
No. of deaths	339	356	99	199	61
Person-years	28,860	31,999	12,209	21,455	7107
Model 1	1	0.91 (0.78–1.05)	0.62 (0.49–0.77)	0.77 (0.65–0.92)	0.67 (0.51–0.88)	<0.0001	0.89 (0.83–0.94)
Model 2	1	1.02 (0.88–1.19)	1.07 (0.84–1.36)	0.87 (0.73–1.05)	0.71 (0.53–0.94)	0.008	0.93 (0.87–0.99)
Model 2 + pre-diagnostic regular coffee	1	1.01 (0.85–1.20)	0.97 (0.75–1.26)	0.77 (0.62–0.95)	0.57 (0.41–0.78)	<0.0001	0.87 (0.81–0.94)
All-cause mortality
No. of deaths	769	856	316	419	141
Person-years	28,860	31,999	12,209	21,455	7107
Model 1	1	0.98 (0.88–1.08)	0.95 (0.84–1.09)	0.77 (0.68–0.87)	0.80 (0.67–0.96)	<0.0001	0.91 (0.88–0.95)
Model 2	1	1.03 (0.93–1.14)	1.09 (0.95–1.25)	0.81 (0.72–0.92)	0.76 (0.63–0.91)	<0.0001	0.93 (0.89–0.97)
Model 2 + pre-diagnostic regular coffee	1	1.02 (0.91–1.15)	1.04 (0.89–1.22)	0.77 (0.66–0.89)	0.68 (0.55–0.84)	<0.0001	0.89 (0.85–0.94)
Decaffeinated coffee
Breast cancer-specific mortality
No. of deaths	509	385	160
Person-years	44,453	40,368	16,808
Model 1	1	0.75 (0.66–0.86)	0.69 (0.58–0.83)			0.0006	0.90 (0.84–0.97)
Model 2	1	0.97 (0.85–1.12)	0.94 (0.78–1.12)			0.49	0.98 (0.91–1.06)
Model 2 + pre-diagnostic decaffeinated coffee	1	0.93 (0.80–1.08)	0.93 (0.75–1.16)			0.65	0.99 (0.91–1.08)
All-cause mortality
No. of deaths	1160	938	403
Person-years	44,453	40,368	16,808
Model 1	1	0.80 (0.73–0.87)	0.77 (0.68–0.86)			0.0001	0.90 (0.86–0.95)
Model 2	1	0.89 (0.82–0.98)	0.88 (0.78–0.99)			0.07	0.95 (0.91–1.00)
Model 2+pre-diagnostic decaffeinated coffee	1	0.87 (0.79–0.96)	0.84 (0.74–0.97)			0.06	0.94 (0.89–0.99)
Total tea
Breast cancer-specific mortality
No. of deaths	260	583	101	75	35
Person-years	20,758	58,059	11,055	7883	3875
Model 1	1	0.79 (0.68–0.92)	0.73 (0.58–0.92)	0.77 (0.60–1.00)	0.78 (0.55–1.11)	0.13	0.94 (0.87–1.01)
Model 2	1	0.94 (0.81–1.10)	1.04 (0.82–1.31)	0.83 (0.64–1.08)	0.80 (0.56–1.14)	0.17	0.97 (0.91–1.04)
Model 2+pre-diagnostic total tea	1	0.96 (0.81–1.13)	1.05 (0.81–1.35)	0.83 (0.62–1.10)	0.78 (0.53–1.14)	0.18	0.98 (0.90–1.06)
All-cause mortality
No. of deaths	594	1400	264	171	72
Person-years	20,758	58,059	11,055	7883	3875
Model 1	1	0.90 (0.82–0.99)	0.95 (0.82–1.10)	0.84 (0.71–0.99)	0.81 (0.63–1.03)	0.09	0.97 (0.92–1.01)
Model 2	1	0.92 (0.83–1.02)	1.00 (0.86–1.17)	0.85 (0.71–1.01)	0.74 (0.58–0.95)	0.04	0.97 (0.93–1.02)
Model 2+pre-diagnostic total tea	1	0.92 (0.83–1.03)	1.00 (0.85–1.17)	0.82 (0.68–0.99)	0.71 (0.55–0.93)	0.02	0.97 (0.92–1.02)

Note: Model 1 was stratified by cohort and adjusted for age at diagnosis (year) and calendar year of diagnosis.

Model 2 was stratified by cohort and adjusted for age at diagnosis (year), calendar year of diagnosis, time between diagnosis and first FFQ (year), calendar year at start of follow-up of each-2-year questionnaire cycle, pre-diagnostic BMI (<20, 20 to <22.5, 22.5 to <25, 25.0 to <30, 30 to <35, ≥35 kg/m², missing), BMI change after diagnosis (no change (≥−0.5 to ≤0.5 kg/m²), decrease (<−0.5 kg/m²), increase (>0.5–2 kg/m²), increase (>2 kg/m²), missing), post-diagnostic smoking (never, past, current 1–14 cigarettes/day, current 15–24 cigarettes/day, current ≥25 cigarettes/day, missing), post-diagnostic physical activity (<5, 5 to <11.5, 11.5 to <22, ≥22 MET-h/week, missing), oral contraceptive use (ever, never), post-diagnostic alcohol consumption (<0.15, 0.15 to <2.0, 2.0 to 7.5, ≥7.5 g/day), post-diagnostic total energy intake (quintiles, kcal/day), pre-diagnostic menopausal status, age at menopause and postmenopausal hormone use status (premenopausal; postmenopausal, age at menopause <50 year and never postmenopausal hormone use; postmenopausal, age at menopause <50 year and past postmenopausal hormone use; postmenopausal, age at menopause <50 year and current postmenopausal hormone use; postmenopausal, age at menopause ≥50 year and never postmenopausal hormone use; postmenopausal, age at menopause ≥50 year and past postmenopausal hormone use; postmenopausal, age at menopause ≥50 year and current postmenopausal hormone use; missing), post-diagnostic aspirin use (never, past, current, missing), race (non-Hispanic white, other), stage of disease (I, II, III), ER/PR status (ER/PR-positive, ER-positive and PR-negative, ER/PR-negative, missing), radiotherapy (yes, no, missing), chemotherapy (yes, no, missing) and hormonal treatment (yes, no, missing).