Table 3.
Changes in total coffee consumption from pre- to post-diagnosis in relation to mortality after breast cancer diagnosis in the Nurses’ Health Study and Nurses’ Health Study II (n = 8513).
| Post-diagnostic total coffee consumption | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nondrinker | >0 to 2 cups/day | >2 cups/day | ||||
| No. of deaths/person-year | HR (95% CI) | No. of deaths/person-year | HR (95% CI) | No. of deaths/person-year | HR (95% CI) | |
| Breast cancer-specific mortality | ||||||
| Pre-diagnostic total coffee consumption | ||||||
| Nondrinker | 110/11,157 | 1 | 43/4178 | 0.94 (0.65–1.34) | 12/1084 | 0.84 (0.46–1.55) |
| >0 to 2 cups/day | 27/1681 | 1.31 (0.85–2.02) | 243/23,413 | 1.04 (0.83–1.31) | 45/5908 | 0.72 (0.51–1.03) |
| >2 cups/day | 19/689 | 1.91 (1.16–3.14) | 192/15,555 | 1.34 (1.05–1.71) | 294/32,530 | 0.94 (0.75–1.19) |
| All-cause mortality | ||||||
| Pre-diagnostic total coffee consumption | ||||||
| Nondrinker | 252/11,157 | 1 | 101/4178 | 0.90 (0.71–1.14) | 20/1084 | 0.68 (0.42–1.08) |
| >0 to 2 cups/day | 57/1681 | 1.28 (0.95–1.71) | 637/23,413 | 1.00 (0.86–1.17) | 106/5908 | 0.72 (0.57–0.91) |
| >2 cups/day | 27/689 | 1.43 (0.95–2.13) | 476/15,555 | 1.15 (0.98–1.35) | 670/32,530 | 0.82 (0.71–0.96) |
Note. Models were stratified by cohort and adjusted for age at diagnosis (year), calendar year of diagnosis, time between diagnosis and first FFQ (year), calendar year at start of follow-up of each-2-year questionnaire cycle, pre-diagnostic BMI (<20, 20 to <22.5, 22.5 to <25, 25.0 to <30, 30 to <35, ≥35 kg/m2, missing), BMI change after diagnosis (no change (≥−0.5 to ≤0.5 kg/m2), decrease (<−0.5 kg/m2), increase (>0.5–2 kg/m2), increase (>2 kg/m2), missing), post-diagnostic smoking (never, past, current 1–14 cigarettes/day, current 15–24 cigarettes/day, current ≥25 cigarettes/day, missing), post-diagnostic physical activity (<5, 5 to <11.5, 11.5 to <22, ≥22 MET-h/week, missing), oral contraceptive use (ever, never), post-diagnostic alcohol consumption (<0.15, 0.15 to <2.0, 2.0 to 7.5, ≥7.5 g/day), post-diagnostic total energy intake (quintiles, kcal/day), pre-diagnostic menopausal status, age at menopause and postmenopausal hormone use status (premenopausal; postmenopausal, age at menopause <50 year and never postmenopausal hormone use; postmenopausal, age at menopause <50 year and past postmenopausal hormone use; postmenopausal, age at menopause <50 year and current postmenopausal hormone use; postmenopausal, age at menopause ≥50 year and never postmenopausal hormone use; postmenopausal, age at menopause ≥50 year and past postmenopausal hormone use; postmenopausal, age at menopause ≥50 year and current postmenopausal hormone use; missing), post-diagnostic aspirin use (never, past, current, missing), race (non-Hispanic white, other), stage of disease (I, II, III), ER/PR status (ER/PR-positive, ER-positive and PR-negative, ER/PR-negative, missing), radiotherapy (yes, no, missing), chemotherapy (yes, no, missing) and hormonal treatment (yes, no, missing).