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. 2021 May 11;8:605715. doi: 10.3389/frobt.2021.605715

Table 1.

Type of robot-assisted cognitive training and end-user population.

Application User population References
Social communication skills Children with ASD;
Children with ADHD;
Children with ID;
People with dementia;
People with CP;
Older adults with social interaction problems
Begum et al., 2015; Conti et al., 2015; Costescu et al., 2015; Huskens et al., 2015; Kajopoulos et al., 2015; Miskam et al., 2015; Nunez et al., 2015; Sung et al., 2015; Taheri et al., 2015a, 2018, 2019, 2020; Yu et al., 2015; Zheng et al., 2015, 2016; Huijnen et al., 2016; Ozcana et al., 2016; Salvador et al., 2016; Santatiwongchai et al., 2016; Tariq et al., 2016; Wong and Zhong, 2016; Yun et al., 2016; Barco Martelo and Fosch Villaronga, 2017; Bharatharaj et al., 2017; Esteban et al., 2017; Otaki and Otake, 2017; Rudovic et al., 2017; Wood et al., 2017; David et al., 2018, 2020; Richardson et al., 2018; Scassellati et al., 2018; Ali et al., 2019; Marino et al., 2019; Melo et al., 2019; Sandygulova et al., 2019; Alnajjar et al., 2020
Memory Children with CP;
Older adults without CI;
People with mild CI;
People with dementia
Sonntag, 2015; Ahn et al., 2017; Garcia-Sanjuan et al., 2017; Tsardoulias et al., 2017; Paletta et al., 2018; Taranović et al., 2018a,b,c; Tsiakas et al., 2018; Nault et al., 2020; Pino et al., 2020
Concentration Children with ASD;
Children with ADHD
Tleubayev et al., 2019
Attention Children with CP;
Children with ID;
People with mild CI;
Older adults without CI;
People with severe CI
Garcia-Sanjuan et al., 2017; Tsardoulias et al., 2017; D'Amico and Guastella, 2019; Lins et al., 2019
Visuo-spatial abilities Children with impaired spatial abilities and WM D'Amico and Guastella, 2019
Awareness People with ABI Yokota et al., 2019
Cognitive training
(No specific cognitive function)
Children with ASD;
People with mild CI;
People with dementia;
Older adults without CI;
People with ID;
People post-stroke
Kim et al., 2015, 2019; Kostavelis et al., 2015; Valent́ı Soler et al., 2015; Agrigoroaie et al., 2016; Coeckelbergh et al., 2016; Demetriadis et al., 2016; Lopez-Samaniego and Garcia-Zapirain, 2016; Salichs et al., 2016, 2018; Tsiakas et al., 2016; Abdollahi et al., 2017; Chu et al., 2017; Darragh et al., 2017; Khosla et al., 2017; Korchut et al., 2017; Shukla et al., 2017, 2019; Javed et al., 2018; Peleka et al., 2018; Rudovic et al., 2018; Andriella et al., 2019a,b, 2020; Law et al., 2019a,b; Pereira et al., 2019; Tokunaga et al., 2019; Calderita et al., 2020; Carros et al., 2020; Chen et al., 2020; Manca et al., 2020; Mois et al., 2020; Schüssler et al., 2020
Disruptive behavior problems Children with DBD Rabbitt et al., 2015
Anxiety People with anxiety Ab Aziz et al., 2015
Distress Children with cancer Alemi et al., 2016
Stress People with stress Aminuddin et al., 2016
Psychological healing Not specified Kohori et al., 2017
Hypnotherapy Not specified Alimardani and Hiraki, 2017
Education Children with dyslexia;
Children with ASD;
Children with severe PD;
Children with TBI;
People with PMLD
Andruseac et al., 2015; Ioannou et al., 2015; Shukla et al., 2015; Taheri et al., 2016, 2019; Barco Martelo and Fosch Villaronga, 2017; Bharatharaj et al., 2017; van den Heuvel et al., 2017; Clabaugh et al., 2019
Vocational training People with ASD;
People with TBI
Bozgeyikli et al., 2015

CI, Cognitive Impairment; ASD, Autism Spectrum Disorders; ADHD, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; ID, Intellectual Disability; CP, Cerebral Palsy; WM, Working memory; ABI, Acquired Brain Injuries; PD, Physical Disability; TBI, Traumatic Brain Injury; PMLD, Profound and Multiple Learning Disabilities; DBD, Disruptive Behavior Disorders.