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. 2021 Apr 29;10(4):1687–1693. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1891_20

Table 2.

Association of complications of T2DM with psychological distress

Complications Study n=253 Prevalence of DSPD (PAID Score ≥40) Univariate


n (%) 95% CI OR (95% CI) P
Retinopathy
 No 171 (67.6) 47 (27.5) 20.9-34.8 1.00
 Yes 82 (32.4) 36 (43.9) 32.9-55.3 2.06 (1.19-3.58) 0.010
Neuropathy
 No 145 (57.3) 47 (32.4) 24.9-40.7 1.00
 Yes 108 (42.7) 36 (33.3) 24.6-43.1 1.04 (0.61-1.77) 0.878
Nephropathy
 No 234 (92.5) 74 (31.6) 25.7-38.0 1.00
 Yes 19 (7.5) 9 (47.4) 24.4-71.1 1.95 (0.76-4.99) 0.166
Peripheral vascular disease
 No 184 (72.7) 55 (29.9) 23.4-37.1 1.00
 Yes 69 (27.3) 28 (40.6) 28.9-53.1 1.6 (0.90-2.85) 0.108
Coronary artery disease
 No 222 (87.8) 73 (32.9) 26.7-39.5 1.00
 Yes 31 (12.3) 10 (32.3) 16.7-51.4 0.97 (0.44-2.17) 0.945
Foot problems
 No 167 (66.0) 52 (31.1) 24.2-38.8 1.00
 Yes 86 (34.0) 31 (36.0) 25.9-47.1 1.25 (0.72-2.16) 0.431
Number of complications
 None 76 (30.0) 21 (27.6) 17.9-38.8 1.00
 1 63 (24.9) 22 (34.9) 23.3-47.9 1.41 (0.68-2.89) 0.356
 2 48 (19.0) 10 (20.8) 10.5-34.9 0.69 (0.29-1.63) 0.396
 >2 66 (26.1) 30 (45.5) 33.1-58.2 2.18 (1.09-4.39) 0.028