Table 2.
The average weekly frequency of major food intake among participating youths before and after lockdown
| High school students | Undergraduate students | Graduate students | All | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (n 678) | Female (n 2146) | Total (n 2824) | Male (n 2106) | Female (n 4918) | Total (n 7024) | Male (n 68) | Female (n 166) | Total (n 234) | Grand total (n 10 082) | |||||||||||
| Variables | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD |
| Rice | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Pre-lockdown | 6·3 | 2·0a,b | 6·5 | 1·6a,b | 6·4 | 1·7a | 5·7 | 2·5a,b | 5·8 | 2·2a,b | 5·8 | 2·3a | 5·1 | 2·7a | 5·4 | 2·4a | 5·3 | 2·5a | 5·9 | 2·2 |
| Post-lockdown | 6·3 | 2·0a | 6·4 | 1·8a,*** | 6·4 | 1·8a,*** | 5·6 | 2·5a,*** | 5·7 | 2·4a,*** | 5·6 | 2·4a,*** | 4·9 | 2·8a | 4·8 | 2·8a,*** | 4·8 | 2·8a,*** | 5·8 | 2·3*** |
| Wheat products | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Pre-lockdown | 3·2 | 2·5b | 2·8 | 2·2b | 2·9 | 2·3 | 3·2 | 2·5b | 2·8 | 2·3b | 2·9 | 2·3 | 3·0 | 2·7 | 2·4 | 2·1 | 2·6 | 2·3 | 2·9 | 2·3 |
| Post-lockdown | 3·3 | 2·6b | 2·8 | 2·3b | 2·9 | 2·4 | 3·3 | 2·5b,** | 2·9 | 2·4b,** | 3·0 | 2·4*** | 3·2 | 2·9 | 2·8 | 2·5** | 2·9 | 2·6** | 3·0 | 2·4*** |
| Other staple foods | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Pre-lockdown | 2·0 | 2·4b | 1·5 | 2·1a,b | 1·6 | 2·2a | 2·1 | 2·5b | 1·7 | 2·1a,b | 1·8 | 2·2a | 1·9 | 2·4 | 1·8 | 2·1a | 1·8 | 2·1a | 1·7 | 2·2 |
| Post-lockdown | 2·1 | 2·4b | 1·6 | 2·1a,b,*** | 1·7 | 2·2a,*** | 2·1 | 2·5b,** | 1·8 | 2·2a,b,*** | 1·9 | 2·3a,*** | 1·9 | 2·3 | 2·0 | 2·3a | 2·0 | 2·3a | 1·9 | 2·3*** |
| Meat | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Pre-lockdown | 4·0 | 2·5b | 3·2 | 2·3a,b | 3·4 | 2·4a | 4·1 | 2·5b | 3·7 | 2·4a,b | 3·8 | 2·5a | 4·1 | 2·7 | 4·3 | 2·6a | 4·2 | 2·6a | 3·7 | 2·5 |
| Post-lockdown | 4·0 | 2·5b | 3·1 | 2·3a,b,** | 3·3 | 2·4a,** | 4·1 | 2·6b | 3·7 | 2·5a,b | 3·8 | 2·5a | 4·0 | 2·7 | 4·2 | 2·6a | 4·1 | 2·6a | 3·7 | 2·5** |
| Poultry | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Pre-lockdown | 2·0 | 1·8a,b | 1·5 | 1·6a,b | 1·6 | 1·7a | 2·2 | 2·0a,b | 1·8 | 1·7a,b | 1·9 | 1·8a | 2·7 | 2·1a | 2·4 | 2·0a | 2·5 | 2·0a | 1·9 | 1·8 |
| Post-lockdown | 2·0 | 1·9a,b | 1·5 | 1·6a,b,* | 1·6 | 1·7a | 2·2 | 2·1a,b | 1·8 | 1·8a,b | 1·9 | 1·9a | 2·4 | 2·3a | 2·5 | 1·9a | 2·4 | 2·0a | 1·9 | 1·8 |
| Fish | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Pre-lockdown | 0·9 | 1·5a,b | 0·5 | 1·1a,b | 0·6 | 1·3a | 1·1 | 1·7a,b | 0·8 | 1·3a,b | 0·9 | 1·5a | 1·3 | 1·4a | 1·3 | 1·6a | 1·3 | 1·6a | 0·8 | 1·4 |
| Post-lockdown | 0·9 | 1·6a,b | 0·6 | 1·2a,b,* | 0·7 | 1·3a | 1·2 | 1·8a,b,* | 0·9 | 1·4a,b,*** | 1·0 | 1·5a,*** | 1·4 | 1·6a | 1·4 | 1·7a | 1·4 | 1·6a,* | 0·9 | 1·5*** |
| Eggs | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Pre-lockdown | 2·8 | 2·2a,b | 2·3 | 2·0a,b | 2·4 | 2·0a | 3·3 | 2·4a,b | 3·1 | 2·4a,b | 3·1 | 2·4a | 3·8 | 2·5a | 4·1 | 2·6a | 4·0 | 2·6a | 3·0 | 2·3 |
| Post-lockdown | 2·9 | 2·3a,b | 2·4 | 2·0a,b,*** | 2·5 | 2·1a,*** | 3·4 | 2·5a,*** | 3·3 | 2·4a,*** | 3·3 | 2·4a,*** | 3·9 | 2·6a | 4·5 | 2·6a,*** | 4·3 | 2·6a,*** | 3·1 | 2·4*** |
| Fresh vegetables | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Pre-lockdown | 5·1 | 2·3b | 5·6 | 2·2a,b | 5·4 | 2·2a | 5·0 | 2·4b | 5·4 | 2·2a,b | 5·3 | 2·3a | 5·2 | 2·3 | 5·8 | 2·1a | 5·6 | 2·2a | 5·3 | 2·3 |
| Post-lockdown | 5·1 | 2·4b | 5·6 | 2·2a,b,* | 5·5 | 2·2 | 5·1 | 2·4b,* | 5·5 | 2·1a,b,*** | 5·4 | 2·2*** | 4·9 | 2·5b | 5·9 | 2·0a,b | 5·6 | 2·2 | 5·4 | 2·2*** |
| Preserved vegetables | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Pre-lockdown | 1·8 | 2·0b | 1·2 | 1·7a,b | 1·3 | 1·8a | 1·8 | 2·1b | 1·3 | 1·8a,b | 1·4 | 1·9a | 1·2 | 2·0 | 1·1 | 1·8a | 1·1 | 1·8a | 1·4 | 1·9 |
| Post-lockdown | 1·8 | 2·0a,b | 1·3 | 1·7a,b,*** | 1·4 | 1·8a,** | 1·9 | 2·2a,b,*** | 1·4 | 1·9a,b,*** | 1·6 | 2·0a,*** | 1·3 | 2·0a | 1·4 | 2·0a,* | 1·3 | 2·0a,* | 1·5 | 2·0*** |
| Fresh fruit | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Pre-lockdown | 3·4 | 2·4 | 3·6 | 2·3a | 3·5 | 2·3a | 3·4 | 2·4b | 3·9 | 2·4a,b | 3·7 | 2·4a | 3·6 | 2·4b | 4·7 | 2·4b | 4·4 | 2·4a | 3·7 | 2·4 |
| Post-lockdown | 3·4 | 2·4 | 3·6 | 2·4a | 3·5 | 2·4a | 3·5 | 2·4b,*** | 4·1 | 2·4a,b,*** | 3·9 | 2·4a*** | 3·7 | 2·4b | 4·9 | 2·4b | 4·5 | 2·4a | 3·8 | 2·4*** |
| Soyabean products | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Pre-lockdown | 1·8 | 2·1a,b | 1·3 | 1·8a,b | 1·4 | 1·9a | 2·0 | 2·1a,b | 1·8 | 2·0a,b | 1·9 | 2·1a | 2·4 | 2·3a | 2·4 | 2·3a | 2·4 | 2·3a | 1·7 | 2·0 |
| Post-lockdown | 1·7 | 2·1a,b,** | 1·2 | 1·7a,b,** | 1·3 | 1·8a,*** | 2·0 | 2·2a,b | 1·7 | 2·0a,b,*** | 1·8 | 2·1a,*** | 2·4 | 2·4a | 2·5 | 2·3a | 2·5 | 2·4a | 1·7 | 2·0*** |
| Dairy products | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Pre-lockdown | 3·0 | 2·5b | 2·2 | 2·1a,b | 2·4 | 2·3a | 3·2 | 2·5b | 3·0 | 2·4a,b | 3·1 | 2·5a | 3·4 | 2·7 | 3·3 | 2·6a | 3·4 | 2·6a | 2·9 | 2·4 |
| Post-lockdown | 2·9 | 2·5b | 2·3 | 2·2a,b | 2·4 | 2·3a | 3·2 | 2·5b,* | 3·1 | 2·5a,b,*** | 3·2 | 2·5a,*** | 3·5 | 2·7 | 3·4 | 2·6a | 3·4 | 2·6a | 3·0 | 2·5*** |
Values under a given variable were marked with the superscript a, if the difference across educational levels (high school students, undergraduate students and graduate students) within the overall population (total) or within a given sex (male, female) was significant (P < 0·05); marked with the superscript b, if the difference between sex within a given educational level was significant (P < 0·05); and marked by asterisks, if the difference before and after lockdown within a given educational level and sex was significant (*P < 0·05, **P < 0·01, ***P < 0·001).