. 2021 May 17:1–12. doi: 10.1017/S1368980020005170

Table 4.

Patterns of beverage consumption among participating youths before and after lockdown

	High school students (%)			Undergraduate students (%)			Graduate students (%)			All (%)
Variables	Male (n 678)	Female (n 2146)	Total (n 2824)	Male (n 2106)	Female (n 4918)	Total (n 7024)	Male (n 68)	Female (n 166)	Total (n 234)	Grand total (n 10 082)
All types of drinks
Frequency of consumption (days/week)
Pre-lockdown
None	60·3^a,b	71·9^a,b	69·1^a	54·9^a,b	63·9^a,b	61·2^a	63·2^a	74·1^a	70·9^a	63·6
1–3	34·2^a,b	24·7^a,b	27·0^a	37·9^a,b	31·7^a,b	33·6^a	26·5^a	19·9^a	21·8^a	31·5
4–6	2·4^a,b	1·6^a,b	1·8^a	3·4^a,b	2·0^a,b	2·4^a	4·4^a	1·8^a	2·6^a	2·2
7	3·1^a,b	1·8^a,b	2·1^a	3·8^a,b	2·4^a,b	2·8^a	5·9^a	4·2^a	4·7^a	2·7
Post-lockdown
None	63·8^b	76·8^a,b,***	73·7^a,***	62·6^b,***	70·7^a,b,***	68·3^a,***	66·2	75·9^a	73·1^a	69·9***
1–3	30·7^b	20·1^a,b,***	22·7^a,***	30·0^b,***	25·0^a,b,***	26·5^a,***	25·0	19·3^a	20·9^a	25·3***
4–6	2·8^b	1·7^a,b,***	1·9^a,***	3·6^b,***	2·2^a,b,***	2·6^a,***	5·9	1·2^a	2·6^a	2·4***
7	2·7^b	1·4^a,b,***	1·7^a,***	3·8^b,***	2·1^a,b,***	2·6^a,***	2·9	3·6^a	3·4^a	2·4***
Averaged frequency of consumption (days/week)
Pre-lockdown
Mean	1·0	0·7	0·8	1·2	0·9	1·0	1·2	0·8	0·9	0·9
sd	1·6^a,b	1·3^a,b	1·4^a	1·7^a,b	1·5^a,b	1·5^a	1·9^a,b	1·6^a,b	1·7^a	1·5
Post-lockdown
Mean	0·9	0·6	0·7	1·0	0·8	0·8	1.0	0·7	0·8	0·9
sd	1·5^b	1·3^a,b,***	1·3^a,***	1·7^b,***	1·4^a,b,***	1·5^a,***	1.7^b,*	1·5^a,b	1·6^a	1·6***
Type of drinks
Sugar-sweetened beverages
Pre-lockdown	67·7^b	76·3^a,b	73·6^a	74·5^b	83·4^a,b	80·3^a	76·0	79·1^a	77·9^a	78·7
Post-lockdown	63·4^a,b	73·2^a,b	70·0^a	72·9^a,b	79·4^a,b,**	77·1^a,**	73·9^a	78·0^a	76·6^a	75·3**
Coffee and caffeinated drinks
Pre-lockdown	6·3	3·8^a	4·6^a	10·2^b	7·9^a,b	8·7^a	12·0	14·0^a	13·2^a	7·8
Post-lockdown	10·6^b	4·0^a,b	6·1^a	10·6	8·9^a	9·5^a	8·7	17·1^a	14·1^a	8·8
Tea
Pre-lockdown	20·1^b	12·9^b	15·1	20·4^b	11·5^b	14·6	28·0	9·3	16·2	14·8
Post-lockdown	19·5	14·9	16·4	22·6^b	13·2^b	16·5	30·4^b	9·8^b	17·2	16·5
Other beverages
Pre-lockdown	18·2	22·7^a	21·3^a	18·8	16·4^a	17·3^a	16·0	9·3^a	11·8^a	18·1
Post-lockdown	23·2	25·2^a	24·6^a	19·6	19·0^a	19·3^a	8·7	2·4^a	4·7^a	20·3*
Individual-level changes in drink consumption
Sugar-sweetened beverages
Never	66·1^b	73·8^a,b	71·9^a	59·9^b	63·5^a,b	62·4^a	66·2	70·5^a	69·2^a	65·2
Constant	15·9^b	12·3^a,b	13·2^a	20·8^b	17·0^a,b	18·2^a	19·1	10·2^a	12·8^a	16·6
Increased	7·1^b	4·8^a,b	5·4^a	6·5^b	6·4^a,b	6·4^a	5·9	9·1^a	8·2^a	6·2
Decreased	10·9^b	9·1^a,b	9·5^a	12·8^b	13·1^a,b	13·0^a	8·8	10·2^a	9·8^a	12·0
Coffee and caffeinated drink
Never	94·5^b	98·5^a,b	97·6^a	93·6^b	95·9^a,b	95·2^a	95·6	95·2^a	95·2^a	95·8
Constant	1·0^b	0·6^a,b	0·6^a	2·2^b	1·3^a,b	1·6^a	2·9	3·0^a	3·0^a	1·4
Increased	2·9^b	0·4^a,b	1·0^a	1·8^b	1·3^a,b	1·4^a	0	1·2^a	0·9^a	1·3
Decreased	1·6^b	0·5^a,b	0·8^a	2·4^b	1·5^a,b	1·8^a	1·5	0·6^a	0·9^a	1·5
Tea
Never	88·8^b	94·8^b	93·4	88·0^b	93·8^b	92·1	88·2^b	95·8^b	93·6	92·5
Constant	3·8^b	2·0^b	2·4	5·7^b	1·9^b	3·0	8·8^b	0·6^b	3·0	2·9
Increased	3·3^b	1·5^b	1·9	2·8^b	2·0^b	2·3	1·5^b	1·8^b	1·7	2·1
Decreased	4·1^b	1·7^b	2·3	3·5^b	2·3^b	2·6	1·5^b	1·8^b	1·7	2·5
Other beverages
Never	89·2	90·8	90·4^a	88·7^b	91·2^b	90·5^a	94·1	97·0	96·1^a	90·6
Constant	4·9	3·1	3·5^a	4·6^b	2·7^b	3·3^a	3·0	0	0·9^a	3·3
Increased	3·5	2·8	3·0^a	2·8^b	2·9^b	2·8^a	0	0·6	0·4^a	2·8
Decreased	2·4	3·3	3·1^a	3·9^b	3·2^b	3·4^a	2·9	2·4	2·6^a	3·3

Values under a given variable were marked with the superscript a, if the difference across educational levels (high school students, undergraduate students and graduate students) within the overall population (total) or within a given sex (male, female) was significant (P < 0·05); marked with the superscript b, if the difference between sex within a given educational level was significant (P < 0·05); and marked by asterisks, if the difference before and after lockdown within a given educational level and sex was significant (*P < 0·05, **P < 0·01, ***P < 0·001).