. 2021 May 17:1–12. doi: 10.1017/S1368980020005170

Table 5.

Individual-level changes in dietary patterns among participating youths after lockdown

	Percentage
	High school students			Undergraduate students			Graduate students			All
Variables	Male (n 678)	Female (n 2146)	Total (n 2824)	Male (n 2106)	Female (n 4918)	Total (n 7024)	Male (n 68)	Female (n 166)	Total (n 234)	Grand total (n 10 082)
Beverages
Never	52·5^b	65·8^ab	62·7^a	47·5^b	56·5^ab	53·7^a	55·8	65·1^a	62·4^a	56·4
Constant	23·6^b	14·9^ab	17·0^a	25·3^b	18·4^ab	20·5^a	20·6	10·8^a	13·7^a	19·4
Increased	2·9^b	1·2^ab	1·6^a	2·6^b	1·8^ab	2·1^a	4·4	2·5^a	3·0^a	1·9
Decreased	1·8^b	1·2^ab	1·3^a	2·1^b	1·5^ab	1·7^a	1·5	1·8^a	1·7^a	1·6
Started consuming	7·8^b	6·0^ab	6·4^a	7·4^b	7·5^ab	7·4^a	7·4	9·0^a	8·5^a	7·2
Stopped consuming	11·4^b	10·9^ab	11·0^a	15·1^b	14·3^ab	14·6^a	10·3	10·8^a	10·7^a	13·5
Rice
Never	6·3^ab	3·4^ab	4·1^a	10·6^ab	6·1^ab	7·4^a	11·8^a	9·0^a	9·8^a	6·6
Constant	89·2^ab	90·4^ab	90·1^a	82·3^ab	82·2^ab	82·2^a	70·5^a	66·3^a	67·5^a	84·1
Increased	1·5^ab	2·0^ab	1·8^a	1·7^ab	3·9^ab	3·2^a	4·4^a	5·4^a	5·1^a	2·9
Decreased	1·6^ab	2·9^ab	2·6^a	3·1^ab	4·8^ab	4·3^a	7·4^a	10·2^a	9·4^a	3·9
Started eating	0·7^ab	0·2^ab	0·4^a	0·7^ab	0·5^ab	0·7^a	1·5^a	0·7^a	0·9^a	0·5
Stopped eating	0·7^ab	1·1^ab	1·0^a	1·6^ab	2·5^ab	2·2^a	4·4^a	8·5^a	7·3^a	2·0
Wheat products
Never	15·6	13·6	14·1^a	15·9^b	13·3^b	14·1^a	25·0	15·7	18·4^a	14·2
Constant	71·2	70·1	70·4^a	71·3^b	68·8^b	69·6^a	55·9	57·8	57·2^a	69·5
Increased	4·3	4·8	4·7^a	5·3^b	5·4^b	5·4^a	10·3	9·6	9·8^a	5·3
Decreased	2·4	2·8	2·7^a	2·8^b	3·3^b	3·1^a	1·5	3·1	2·6^a	3·0
Started eating	2·2	3·0	2·8^a	2·0^b	3·5^b	3·0^a	2·9	6·6	5·6^a	3·0
Stopped eating	4·3	5·7	5·3^a	2·7^b	5·7^b	4·8^a	4·4	7·2	6·4^a	5·0
Other staple foods
Never	40·3^b	46·7^ab	45·2^a	40·2^b	39·5^ab	39·7^a	42·6	33·1^a	35·9^a	41·2
Constant	48·7^b	40·9^ab	42·6^a	49·7^b	44·9^ab	46·3^a	44·1	39·8^a	41·0^a	45·2
Increased	2·7^b	1·9^ab	2·1^a	2·1^b	2·6^ab	2·5^a	2·9	6·6^a	5·6^a	2·4
Decreased	1·9^b	1·2^ab	1·4^a	1·5^b	1·2^ab	1·3^a	1·6	3·1^a	2·6^a	1·3
Started eating	3·2^b	5·4^ab	4·9^a	4·1^b	7·8^ab	6·7^a	4·4	7·8^a	6·8^a	6·2
Stopped eating	3·2^b	3·9^ab	3·8^a	2·4^b	4·0^ab	3·5^a	4·4	9·6^a	8·1^a	3·7
Meat
Never	9·1^b	10·9^ab	10·5	10·8^b	8·5^ab	9·2	10·3	8·4^a	9·0	9·5
Constant	80·7^b	73·4^ab	75·1	77·2^b	74·4^ab	75·2	70·6	72·9^a	72·1	75·1
Increased	3·5^b	4·1^ab	4·0	3·8^b	5·9^ab	5·3	5·9	5·4^a	5·6	4·9
Decreased	3·2^b	5·5^ab	4·9	4·2^b	5·4^ab	5·1	5·9	7·8^a	7·3	5·1
Started eating	1·4^b	2·1^ab	2·0	1·3^b	2·3^ab	2·0	2·9	1·3^a	1·7	2·1
Stopped eating	2·1^b	4·0^ab	3·5	2·7^b	3·5^ab	3·2	4·4	4·2^a	4·3	3·3
Poultry
Never	24·8^b	33·8^ab	31·6^a	22·8^b	24·6^ab	24·0^a	17·6	12·7^a	14·1^a	25·9
Constant	59·7^b	50·2^ab	52·5^a	61·6^b	56·5^ab	58·0^a	60·3	66·9^a	65·0^a	56·7
Increased	4·0^b	1·6^ab	2·2^a	4·2^b	2·9^ab	3·3^a	4·4	4·8^a	4·7^a	3·0
Decreased	2·5^b	1·6^ab	1·8^a	2·2^b	2·3^ab	2·4^a	5·9	6·0^a	6·0^a	2·3
Started eating	3·1^b	5·1^ab	4·6^a	3·3^b	5·9^ab	5·1^a	1·5	4·8^a	3·8^a	4·9
Stopped eating	5·9^b	7·7^ab	7·3^a	5·9^b	7·8^ab	7·2^a	10·3	4·8^a	6·4^a	7·2
Fish
Never	60·1^b	72·5^ab	69·1^a	55·6^b	61·0^ab	59·4^a	42·6	38·6^a	39·7^a	61·8
Constant	28·5^b	16·8^ab	19·7^a	33·2^b	25·0^ab	27·5^a	45·6	36·7^a	39·3^a	25·5
Increased	0·9^b	1·0^ab	1·1^a	1·8^b	1·0^ab	1·2^a	3·0	2·4^a	2·6^a	1·2
Decreased	1·0^b	0·4^ab	0·6^a	1·0^b	0·5^ab	0·6^a	0	1·8^a	1·3^a	0·6
Started eating	4·3^b	4·9^ab	4·9^a	4·3^b	7·9^ab	6·8^a	4·4	13·3^a	10·7^a	6·3
Stopped eating	5·2^b	4·4^ab	4·6^a	4·1^b	4·6^ab	4·5^a	4·4	7·2^a	6·4^a	4·6
Eggs
Never	14·3^b	17·1^ab	16·5^a	14·2^b	11·5^ab	12·3^a	10·3	9·6^a	9·8^a	13·4
Constant	72·3^b	65·8^ab	67·2^a	73·8^b	70·1^ab	71·2^a	79·4	68·7^a	71·8^a	70·1
Increased	3·8^b	4·1^ab	4·0^a	4·5^b	6·9^ab	6·2^a	5·9	14·5^a	12·0^a	5·7
Decreased	2·8^b	2·1^ab	2·3^a	2·8^b	2·7^ab	2·7^a	1·5	4·2^a	3·4^a	2·6
Started eating	3·1^b	5·7^ab	5·1^a	2·3^b	5·4^ab	4·5^a	0	1·2^a	0·9^a	4·6
Stopped eating	3·7^b	5·2^ab	4·9^a	2·4^b	3·4^ab	3·1^a	2·9	1·8^a	2·1^a	3·6
Fresh vegetables
Never	5·6^b	3·4^ab	3·9^a	7·4^b	2·8^ab	4·2^a	5·9	3·6^a	4·3^a	4·1
Constant	87·2^b	86·0^ab	86·4^a	82·7^b	83·2^ab	83·1^a	83·8	81·9^a	82·5^a	84·0
Increased	2·7^b	5·8^ab	5·0^a	4·9^b	8·0^ab	7·1^a	2·9	7·8^a	6·4^a	6·5
Decreased	2·9^b	3·2^ab	3·1^a	2·9^b	3·4^ab	3·2^a	4·4	3·6^a	3·8^a	3·2
Started eating	0·4^b	0·6^ab	0·5^a	0·8^b	1·6^ab	1·3^a	0	1·8^a	1·3^a	1·1
Stopped eating	1·2^b	1·0^ab	1·1^a	1·3^b	1·0^ab	1·1^a	3·0	1·3^a	1·7^a	1·1
Preserved vegetables
Never	36·1^ab	48·7^b	45·7^a	37·1^ab	47·1^b	43·9^a	52·9^a	52·4	52·6^a	44·7
Constant	52·2^ab	36·8^b	40·5^a	48·5^ab	36·8^b	40·4^a	25·0^a	28·9	27·8^a	40·1
Increased	1·6^ab	1·9^b	1·8^a	3·1^ab	2·2^b	2·5^a	1·5^a	1·8	1·7^a	2·3
Decreased	1·1^ab	0·7^b	0·8^a	1·6^ab	1·2^b	1·3^a	2·9^a	0·7	1·3^a	1·2
Started eating	3·2^ab	6·6^b	5·8^a	5·2^ab	7·7^b	7·0^a	11·8^a	11·4	11·5^a	6·7
Stopped eating	5·8^ab	5·3^b	5·4^a	4·5^ab	5·0^b	4·9^a	5·9^a	4·8	5·1^a	5·0
Fresh fruit
Never	11·1^b	6·7^ab	7·7^a	12·0^b	5·7^ab	7·6^a	10·3	4·8^a	6·4^a	7·6
Constant	78·4^b	76·8^ab	77·2^a	73·3^b	74·7^ab	74·3^a	75·0	68·1^a	70·1^a	75·0
Increased	3·1^b	5·8^ab	5·2^a	5·7^b	9·5^ab	8·4^a	5·9	14·5^a	12·0^a	7·6
Decreased	3·4^b	4·5^ab	4·2^a	3·1^b	4·4^ab	4·0^a	4·4	7·8^a	6·8^a	4·1
Started eating	1·5^b	2·6^ab	2·3^a	3·0^b	2·9^ab	2·8^a	2·9	1·8^a	2·1^a	2·7
Stopped eating	2·5^b	3·6^ab	3·4^a	2·9^b	2·8^ab	2·9^a	1·5	3·0^a	2·6^a	3·0
Soyabean products
Never	39·7^ab	50·1^ab	47·6^a	33·3^ab	36·7^ab	35·7^a	27·9^a	23·5^a	24·8^a	38·8
Constant	49·3^ab	35·1^ab	38·5^a	52·6^ab	45·8^ab	47·9^a	58·8^a	51·2^a	53·4^a	45·3
Increased	0·9^ab	1·6^ab	1·5^a	3·7^ab	2·8^ab	3·1^a	4·4^a	7·2^a	6·4^a	2·7
Decreased	1·6^ab	1·8^ab	1·8^a	2·7^ab	2·6^ab	2·5^a	1·5^a	4·3^a	3·4^a	2·4
Started eating	2·9^ab	4·8^ab	4·3^a	2·8^ab	4·2^ab	3·8^a	1·5^a	6·0^a	4·7^a	4·0
Stopped eating	5·6^ab	6·6^ab	6·3^a	4·9^ab	7·9^ab	7·0^a	5·9^a	7·8^a	7·3^a	6·8
Dairy products
Never	19·6^b	23·7^ab	22·7^a	17·0^b	15·0^ab	15·6^a	14·7	12·7^a	13·2^a	17·5
Constant	65·2^b	55·8^ab	58·1^a	68·9^b	64·3^ab	65·7^a	67·6	63·3^a	64·5^a	63·6
Increased	3·8^b	4·5^ab	4·3^a	4·6^b	6·8^ab	6·1^a	5·9	7·2^a	6·8^a	5·6
Decreased	2·6^b	2·4^ab	2·5^a	3·1^b	3·6^ab	3·5^a	3·0	5·4^a	4·8^a	3·2
Started eating	3·5^b	6·1^ab	5·5^a	3·3^b	4·4^ab	4·0^a	4·4	6·6^a	6·0^a	4·5
Stopped eating	5·3^b	7·5^ab	6·9^a	3·1^b	5·9^ab	5·1^a	4·4	4·8^a	4·7^a	5·6

Values under a given variable were marked with the superscript a, if the difference across educational levels (high school students, undergraduate students and graduate students) within the overall population (total) or within a given sex (male, female) was significant (P < 0·05); and marked with the superscript b, if the difference between sex within a given educational level was significant (P < 0·05).