Table 2.
Univariate analysis comparing neonates with any IVH, mild IVH, and severe IVH and controls (no IVH).
| Parameters | Any IVH group (n = 108) | Control group (n = 108) | P value | Mild IVH group (n = 56) | Control group (n = 56) | P value | Severe IVH group (n = 52) | Control group (n = 52) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antenatal steroid (≥1 dose) | 49 (45.4) | 69 (63.9) | .007* | 34 (60.7) | 33 (58.9) | .847 | 15 (28.8) | 36 (69.2) | <.001* |
| Cesarean section | 53 (49.1) | 60 (55.6) | .341 | 30 (53.6) | 34 (60.7) | .445 | 23 (44.2) | 26 (50) | .556 |
| PIH | 21 (19.4) | 27 (25) | .327 | 14 (25) | 16 (28.6) | .670 | 7 (13.5) | 11 (21.2) | .303 |
| GDM | 8 (7.4) | 9 (8.3) | .163 | 7 (5.4) | 7 (12.5) | .197 | 1 (1.9) | 2 (3.8) | .566 |
| Male | 58 (53.7) | 53 (49.1) | .496 | 32 (57.1) | 27 (48.2) | .345 | 26 (50) | 26 (50) | 1 |
| RDS surfactant use | 80 (74.1) | 71 (65.7) | .183 | 36 (64.3) | 31 (55.4) | .336 | 44 (84.6) | 40 (76.9) | .322 |
| Invasive respiratory support | 89 (75) | 79 (84.3) | .104 | 43 (76.8) | 36 (64.3) | .149 | 46 (88.5) | 43 (82.7) | .405 |
| Pneumothorax | 11 (10.2) | 3 (2.8) | .038* | 6 (10.7) | 0 (0) | .999 | 5 (9.6) | 3 (5.8) | .360 |
| Pulmonary hemorrhage | 17 (15.7) | 5 (4.6) | .011* | 4 (7.1) | 1 (1.8) | .204 | 13 (25) | 4 (7.7) | .023* |
| Inotropes | 49 (45.4) | 32 (29.6) | .018* | 17 (30.4) | 11 (19.6) | .193 | 32 (61.5) | 21 (40.4) | .032* |
| Hydrocortisone | 34 (31.5) | 19 (17.6) | .019* | 7 (12.5) | 9 (16.1) | 0.590 | 27 (51.9) | 10 (19.2) | .001* |
| PDA | 69 (63.9) | 53 (49.1) | .029* | 29 (51.8) | 27 (48.2) | .706 | 40 (76.9) | 26 (50 | .005* |
| PDA (treated with medication) | 15 (13.9) | 14 (13) | .842 | 4 (7.1) | 6 (10.7) | .510 | 11 (21.2) | 8 (15.4) | .448 |
| Nitric oxide | 1 (0.93) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | .849 | 1 (1.9) | 0 | 1 |
*P < .05.
IVH: Intraventricular hemorrhage; PIH: Pregnancy-induced hypertension; GDM: Gestational diabetes mellitus; RDS: Respiratory distress syndrome; PDA: Patent ductus arteriosus.