Figure 1. Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials Flow Diagram.
Participants in all trial arms received a wearable device and smart weight scale and established baseline measures. Participants in the control group received regular feedback from the wearable device, weight scale, and its smartphone application but no other interventions. Participants in the gamification arms set goals for daily steps, weight loss, and hemoglobin A1c level targets and then were entered into 1 of 3 gamification interventions that ran automatically for 1 year.