Table 2.
Individual polyphenols quantified by UPLC-MS/MS in microgram/milligram (μg/mg) BSG extract.
| Samples (µg/mg) | FA | p-CA | Cat | CafA | 4-HBA | ProA | DeCa-DiFA | DiFA | TriFA | Total | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FP | BP | FP | BP | FP | BP | FP | BP | FP | BP | FP | BP | FP | BP | FP | BP | FP | BP | FP | BP | |
| Hex F. | n.d. | 0.04 ± 0.07 b | n.d. | 0.05 ± 0.06 c | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 0.08 ± 0.08 b | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 0.15 ± 0.2 c |
| DE F. | 0.053 ± 0.03 a | 41.5 ± 15.3 a | 0.03 ± 0.02 a | 25.9 ± 6.3 a | 0.33 ± 0.10 a | n.d. | 0.02 ± 0.01 a | 0.50 ± 0.2 a b | 0.05 ± 0.05 a | 0.30 ± 0.1 a b | 0.06 ± 0.03 ab | 0.04 ± 0.00 a b | n.d. | 30.62 ± 0.8 a | n.d. | 0.04±0.01 b | n.d. | n.d. | 0.5 ± 0.3 a | 99.0 ± 21.2 a |
| EtOAc F. | 0.054 ± 0.03 a | 40.6 ± 7.7 a | n.d. | 16.1 ± 1.9 a b | 0.88 ± 0.67 a | n.d. | 0.03 ± 0.02 a | 1.04 ± 0.3 a | 0.04 ± 0.03 a | 0.33 ± 0.05 a | 0.21 ± 0.04 a | 0.24 ± 0.06 a | n.d. | 0.95 ± 0.6 a b | n.d. | 12.91±2.4 a | n.d. | 12.76 ± 2.3 a | 1.0 ± 0.9 a | 84.9 ± 14.6 a b |
| BuOH F. | n.d. | 1.2 ± 1.0 a b | n.d. | 0.44 ± 0.4 b | 0.06 ± 0.06 a | n.d. | n.d. | 0.03 ± 0.02 b c | n.d. | 0.02 ± 0.01 b | 0.03 ± 0.03 a b | 0.03 ± 0.01 b | n.d. | 0.08 ± 0.04 b | n.d. | 0.92±0.6 a b | n.d. | 0.70 ± 0.7 a b | 0.07 ± 0.1 a | 3.3 ± 2.8 b c |
| WR F. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 0.09 * b | n.d. | 0.11 * b | n.d. | 0.1 ± 0.1 c |
| Crude Ctrl | n.d. | 5.33 * | n.d. | 2.28 * | 0.15 * | n.d. | n.d. | 0.08 * | 0.01 * | 0.03 * | 0.02* | 0.02* | n.d. | 0.58 * | - | 1.09 * | n.d. | 0.78 * | 0.19 * | 10.2 * |
Individual phenolic compounds represented by ferulic acid (FA), p-coumaric acid (p-CA), catechin (Cat), caffeic acid (CafA), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA), protocatechuic acid (ProA), decarboxylated diferulic acid (DeCa-DiFA), diferulic acid (DiFA) and triferulic acid (TriFA), in BSG Free Phenolic (FP) and Bound Phenolic (BP) extracts and their organic solvent fractions (F.), hexane (Hex), diethyl ether (DE), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), butanol (BuOH), water residue (WR), and Crude control (Ctrl). “n.d.”—not detected, “*”—identified in one of the extracts. The values reported for each individual polyphenols and Total in FP and BP extracts with their solvent fractions bearing different letters (a, b, c) are significantly different (p < 0.05) from each other.