Table 3.
Total phenolic content (TPC), sum of quantified polyphenols (SQP) of free phenolic (FP) and bound phenolic (BP) extracts and their anticholinesterase activities in different solvent fractions tested at 1 mg/mL.
| Samples 1 mg/mL |
TPC μgGAE/mg Extract |
SQP μg/mg Extract |
AChE %Inhibition |
BChE %Inhibition |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FP | Hex F. | 4.1 ± 0.6 e | n.d. | 11.7 ± 1.3 b | 17.5 ± 1.8 c d |
| DE F. | 9.8 ± 1.9 e | 0.5 ± 0.3 b | 10.7 ± 3.6 b | 16.4 ± 3.1 c d | |
| EtOAc F. | 20.3 ± 3.4 d e | 1.0 ± 1 b | 8.7 ± 0.6 b | 15.7 ± 2.9 c d | |
| BuOH F. | 11.4 ± 2.5 e | 0.07 ± 0.1 b | 34.9 ± 6.4 a | 40.5 ± 11.2b | |
| WR F. | 5.1 ± 1.1 e | - | 12.8 ± 0.7 b | - | |
| Crude Ctrl | 17.3 ± 0.7 d e | 0.19 * b | 20.8 ± 2.2 b | 17.2 ± 1.2 c d | |
| BP | Hex F. | 1.8 ± 0.4 e | 0.15 ± 0.2 b | 13.8 ± 3.5 b | 25.1 ± 1.5 c |
| DE F. | 82.9 ± 13.2 b | 99.0 ± 21.2 a | 37.9 ± 10.4 a | 53.6 ± 7.7 a | |
| EtOAc F. | 102.3 ± 14.1 a | 84.9 ± 14.6 a | 10.3 ± 2.9 b | 25.3 ± 3.3 c | |
| BuOH F. | 40.7 ± 1.6 c | 3.3 ± 2.8 b | 14.3 ± 2.9 b | 16.9 ± 3.1 c d | |
| WR F. | 18.0 ± 0.9 d e | 0.1 ± 0.1 b | 11.6 ± 1.3 b | 9.4 ± 3.8 d e | |
| Crude Ctrl | 31.7 ± 0.8 c d | 10.2 * b | 10.2 ± 1.4 b | 11.4 ± 0.4 d e | |
Hex—hexane, DE—diethyl ether, EtOAc—ethyl acetate, BuOH—butanol, WR—water residue, F- fraction, Crude Ctrl—crude control, n.d.—not detected. TPC by Folin–Ciocalteu; SQP by UPLC-MS/MS; Acetyl -, Butyrylcholinesterase (AChE, BChE) inhibition activity expressed as % inhibition and compared to galantamine at IC50 (50% inhibition by 3.4 ± 0.23μg/mL for AChE and 11.9 ± 1.67 μg/mL for BChE). The data with an * in the SQP column is given as a single result. The values reported on the column for each TPC, SQP, AChE and BChE in FP and BP crude extracts with their solvent fractions bearing different letters (a–e) are significantly different (p < 0.05) from each other.