Table 3.
Concurrent exercise training and the impact of protein on muscle recovery.
| Study | Sample | Age | Total Protein Intake | Intervention | Supplement Type & Dose |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eddens et al. [52] | 24 male cyclists. | PRO = 27 ± 3 years; PLA = 28 ± 5 years; CHO = 26 ± 5 years | PRO = 1.2 ± 0.6 g·kg−1·day−1; PLA = 1.2 ± 0.6 g·kg−1·day−1; CHO = 1.2 ± 0.7 g·kg−1·day−1 | Single concurrent exercise event (high-intensity cycling followed by 100 box jumps). | 20 g WP, isocaloric CHO or low-calorific PLA post-exercise. |
| Jimenez-Flores et al. [59] | 33 healthy men and 2 healthy women. | 21 ± 1 years & 21 ± 1 years in PLA & PRO groups | Not measured. | 4-day loaded (13.2–26.4 kg) mountain skirmish. | 25 g protein bar or isocaloric CHO bar post-exercise. |
| Blacker et al. [60] | 10 healthy men. | 28 ± 9 years | * 0.9 ± 0.3 g·kg−1·day−1, in the PLA, CHO & PRO. | 3 days post-load (25 kg) carriage exercise. | 36 g PRO, 32 g CHO or low-calorie PLA post-exercise. |
| Flakoll et al. [61] | 387 male U.S. Marine recruits. | 19 ± 1 years | Not measured. | Single day loaded march hike. | PLA = 0 g CHO, 0 g PRO, 0 g fat; CON = 0 g PRO, 8 g CHO and 3 g fat; PRO = 10 g PRO, 8 g CHO and 3 g fat. Participants who weighed <81.8 kg received one portion and those weighing >81.8 kg received two portions post-exercise. |
Data reported as mean ± standard deviation. U.S. = United States, g·kg−1·day−1 = grams per kilogram of body mass per day, PLA = placebo, PRO = protein, WP = whey protein, CHO = carbohydrate, CON = control. * maximum across three timepoints.