Table 2.

Study characteristics.

Title, author (year)	Aim of the study	Study design	Setting and country	Disease	Sample size (N) and participant type	Quality of studya
Implementation of the blended care self-management program for caregivers of people with early-stage dementia, Boots et al (2017) [34]	To assess the internal and external validity of the trial and its implementation to inform effect analysis	Mixed methods, nested in an RCTb	Elderly care, home setting, the Netherlands	Early-stage dementia	N=62; Informal caregivers, psychologists, nurses	4.5
Lack of adoption of a mobile app to support patient self-management of diabetes and hypertension in a Federally Qualified Health Centre, Thies et al (2017) [35]	To understand why the trial was unsuccessful	Qualitative (interview) analysis	Primary care, USA	Uncontrolled diabetes and hypertension	N=13; Patients, primary care provider, nurses, research assistants	3.0
“Sounds a bit crazy, but it was almost more personal:” A qualitative study of patient and clinician experiences of physical therapist-prescribed exercise for knee osteoarthritis via skype, Hinman et al (2017) [36]	To explore the experience of therapists and patients using Skype for exercise management of knee osteoarthritis	Qualitative study, nested in an RCT	Rehabilitation at home, Australia	Knee osteoarthritis	N=20; Patients, physical therapists	5.0
The challenge of real-world implementation of web-based share care software, Lycett et al (2014) [43]	To highlight the challenges of implementing software and reporting on the extent to which the software met its implementations and user aims	Mixed methods study, nested within an RCT	Children’s Hospital, General Practices, Australia	Obesity	N=27; General Practitioners	2.5
Implementation of a multicomponent telemonitoring intervention to improve nutritional status of community-dwelling older adults, Van Doorn-van Atten et al (2018) [37]	To study how PhysioDom Home Dietary Intake Monitoring was delivered and received by participants and nurses, and to study the intervention’s mechanism of impact	Mixed methods study	Home care and/or lived in a service flat in sheltered accommodation, the Netherlands	At risk of undernutrition	N=105; Patients, nurses	4.5
Implementation of internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy within community mental health clinics, Hadjistavropoulos et al (2017) [27]	To understand facilitators and barriers impacting the uptake and implementation of internet cognitive behavior therapy	Mixed methods study	Community Mental Health Clinic, Canada	Depression and anxiety	N=33; Therapists, managers	4.5
Implementation and evaluation of the safety net specialty care program in the Denver Metropolitan Area, Fort et al (2017) [38]	To describe the program, identify aspects that work well, areas for improvement, and offer lessons learned	Mixed methods study	Safety-net: a non-profit integrated health care system, USA	Uninsured patients	N=43; Patients, primary care clinicians, specialists	3.5
Perceived improvement in integrated management of childhood illness implementation through use of mobile technology, Mitchell et al (2012) [42]	To examine health care provider and carer perceptions of electronic Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (eIMCI) in diagnosing and treating childhood illnesses	Qualitative study (semi-structured interviews)	Health centers, Tanzania	Childhood illness in children 5 years or younger	N=31; Carers, health care providers	4.5
High level of integration in integrated disease management leads to higher usage in the e-Vita Study, Talboom-Kamp et al (2017) [39]	To analyze the factors that successfully promote the use of a self-management platform for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients	Quantitative, nonrandomized, parallel cohort design	Primary care, the Netherlands	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	N=215; Patients	4.0
What drives adoption of a computerised, multifaceted quality improvement intervention for cardiovascular disease management in primary healthcare settings? Patel et al (2018) [40]	To identify and explain the underlying mechanisms by which the intervention did and did not have an impact	Mixed methods study	Primary care, Australia	Cardiovascular disease	N=19; Patients, general practitioners, nurses, aboriginal health workers	4.5
Exploring the challenges of implementing a web-based telemonitoring strategy for teenagers with inflammatory bowel disease, Dijkstra et al (2019) [41]	To evaluate whether the telemonitoring strategy could move from a demonstration project to one that is sustained within existing sites	Mixed methods study, nested within an RCT	Pediatric gastroenterology centers, the Netherlands	Inflammatory bowel disease	N=27; Researchers, clinicians, hospital decision makers, web designer	2.5

^aMethodological quality of studies assessed with MMAT, ranging from 0 (lowest) to 5 (highest).

^bRCT: randomized controlled trial.