Table 2.
Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of different causes of death among depression individuals compared to matched individuals without depression.
| Cause of death | Both sex (N = 24,130) | Males (N = 8776) | Females (N = 15,354) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na | HR (95% CI)b | Na | HR (95% CI)b | Na | HR (95% CI)b | |
| Malignant neoplasms | 851 | 2.17 (2.01–2.35) | 400 | 2.25 (2.01–2.53) | 451 | 2.12 (1.90–2.36) |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 469 | 3.00 (2.69–3.36) | 296 | 3.06 (2.66–3.53) | 173 | 2.96 (2.46–3.56) |
| Respiratory system diseases | 314 | 4.65 (4.00–5.41) | 150 | 3.82 (3.09–4.71) | 164 | 5.89 (4.72–7.34) |
| Neural system diseases | 160 | 3.92 (3.20–4.81) | 83 | 4.74 (3.54–6.35) | 77 | 3.32 (2.49–4.42) |
| Digestive system diseases | 152 | 4.25 (3.43–5.28) | 93 | 4.39 (3.33–5.80) | 59 | 4.10 (2.90–5.78) |
| Unnatural causes | 129 | 6.42 (4.95–8.33) | 74 | 5.72 (4.11–7.95) | 55 | 7.85 (5.12–12.04) |
| Mental disorder diseases | 99 | 5.63 (4.24–7.49) | 57 | 6.13 (4.18–8.97) | 42 | 5.13 (3.35–7.86) |
| Endocrine system diseases | 53 | 3.99 (2.79–5.71) | 28 | 3.80 (2.34–6.18) | 25 | 4.28 (2.52–7.29) |
| Genitourinary system diseases | 22 | 2.71 (1.62–4.53) | 12 | 2.25 (1.14–4.42) | 10 | 3.66 (1.63–8.23) |
| Infectious and parasitic diseases | 21 | 3.02 (1.76–5.17) | 12 | 3.15 (1.54–6.43) | 9 | 2.89 (1.27–6.53) |
This table shows numbers and the HRs with 95% CIs of 10 different causes of death with statistically significant HRs after Bonferroni correction and N ≥ 20 in all depression individuals, males and females.
aNumber of the depression individuals died with the corresponding underlying causes.
bHazard ratios (with 95% confidence intervals) of the causes of death in depression individuals compared to sex, Townsend deprivation index and year of birth matched individuals without depression.