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. 2021 Apr 27;8(5):51. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering8050051

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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EV isolates are characterized by the presence of exosome-like particles and have a positive effect on both SMC proliferation and migration. (A) TEM images of ASC secreted EVs visible at 60× and (B) 150× magnification resolutions. Black shadowing is free protein present within the EV isolate resuspension. (C) Size distribution of particles within the EV isolate as determined using dynamic light scattering in terms of intensity and (D) number of readings. (E) Total protein content of the EV isolate before and after lysis (* = p < 0.0001 by t-test). (F) SMC proliferation and (G) migration after treatment with unsupplemented basal media (BM), PBS vehicle control, or increasing concentrations of EVs (50 or 150 μL). Aside from pairs marked with “n.s.” all pairs were significantly different by one-way ANOVA, p < 0.05.