Table 1.
Studies before 1992 comparing SpO2 monitoring to invasively measured blood oxygenation parameters.
| Ref | 1st Author, Year | Number of Patients/ HbF Blood Samples | Blood Sample Type | HbF Measurement Method | Gestation Distribution (Weeks) | Time of Sample Collection and Non-Invasive Monitoring | Blood Oxygenation Parameters | Blood Gas Analyzer /Hemoximeter | Pulse Oximeter (Company Name) | Additional Bedside Oxygenation Monitoring Device (Company Name) | Relevant Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [32]. | Durand, 1986 |
75/140 | Arterial | Alkali denaturation method | 24–42 | 1–14 days + 30–153 days after birth | paO2, SaO2 | Radiometer BMS3 Mark II / Co-oximeter IL 282 | Nellcor N-100 (Hayward, CA, USA) | tc-pO2 Oxygen electrode (Novametrix, Wallingford, CT, USA) | HbF values of 4.3% to 95% did not influence the accuracy of pulse oximeter readings. |
| [7]. | Ramanathan, 1987 | 68/132 | Arterial | Alkali denaturation method | 25–31 | 1–6 days + 20–80 days after birth | paO2, SaO2 | Radiometer BMS3 Mark II / Co-oximeter IL 282 | Nellcor N-100 (Hayward, CA, USA) | tc-pO2 Oxygen electrode (Novametrix, Wallingford, CT, USA) | HbF values of 4.3% to 92.2% did not influence the accuracy of pulse oximeter readings. |
| [33]. | Wimberley, 1987 | 18/18 | Arterial | Alkali denaturation method | 25–34 | Within 5 days after birth | paO2, SaO2 | ABL300/ Hemoximeter OSM3 | Ohmeda Biox 3700 | tc-pO2 Radiometer TCM3 | FHbF ranged from 44–97%. The variations in the levels of HbF, pH, pCO2 and 2,3-DPG resulted in a variable paO2-SaO2 relation. |
| [4]. | Jennis, 1987 |
26/49 | Arterial | Electrophoresis | 24–40 | 1–49 days after birth | SaO2 | Co-oximeter IL-282 | Nellcor N-100 (Hayward, CA, USA) | NA | FHbF > 50% generated a 2.8% to 3.6% error (underestimation) in SpO2 reading. |
| [5]. | Praud, 1989 |
71/52 | Arterial | Electrophoresis and alkali denaturation method | 25–40 | 1–14 days after birth + 4.5–38 weeks after birth | SaO2 | Hemoximeter OSM2 | Nellcor N-100 (Hayward, CA, USA) | NA | For FHbF < 50% and SaO2 ≤ 95%, SpO2 was overestimated. |
FHbF = fraction of fetal hemoglobin, HbF = fetal hemoglobin, NA = not applicable, paO2 = partial arterial oxygen pressure, SaO2 = arterial blood oxygen saturation, SpO2 = peripheral arterial oxygen saturation measured by pulse-oximetry, tc-pO2 = transcutaneous oxygen tension, 2,3-DPG = 2,3- diphosphogylcerate.