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Timeline of the diagnostic biomarkers and methods. Aβ, beta-amyloid; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; NfL, neurofilament light chain; pTau181, Tau phosphorylated at threonine 181; pTau217, Tau phosphorylated at threonine 217; RT-QuIC, real-time quaking-induced conversion; SIMOA, single-molecule enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; TDP-43, TAR DNA-binding protein 43.
