Table 1.
The conventional and novel potential biomarkers for neurodegenerative dementia. Aβ42, beta-amyloid 42; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; DLB, dementia with Lewy bodies; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; FTD, frontotemporal dementia; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; NfL, neurofilament light chain; pTau181, Tau phosphorylated at threonine 181; pTau217, Tau phosphorylated at threonine 217; RT-QuIC, real-time quaking-induced conversion; SIMOA, single-molecule enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; TDP-43, TAR DNA-binding protein 43.
| Marker | Diagnostic | Neurodegeneration | Prognostic |
|---|---|---|---|
| ELISA | |||
| CSF Aβ42 CSF tau |
AD | ||
| Yes | |||
| SIMOA | |||
| CSF and blood NfL Blood GFAP Blood pTau181 Blood pTau217 |
Yes | AD, FTD | |
| Yes | |||
| AD | AD | ||
| AD | |||
| RT-QuIC | |||
| CSF α-synuclein | DLB | ||
| CSF 3R/4R tau | AD, FTD | ||
| CSF TDP-43 | FTD | ||