Table 1.
Study characteristics (n 66)*
| Study characteristics | n | % |
|---|---|---|
| Country of study | ||
| USA | 37 | 56·1 |
| Canada | 3 | 4·5 |
| Finland | 2 | 3·0 |
| France | 1 | 1·5 |
| Germany | 1 | 1·5 |
| Greece | 1 | 1·5 |
| Switzerland | 2 | 3·0 |
| The Netherlands | 1 | 1·5 |
| UK | 5 | 7·6 |
| China (including one study from Hong Kong) | 6 | 9·1 |
| South Korea | 2 | 3·0 |
| Taiwan | 2 | 3·0 |
| India | 1 | 1·5 |
| Saudi Arabia | 1 | 1·5 |
| Australia | 1 | 1·5 |
| Study design | ||
| RCT | 8 | 12·1 |
| Experimental (lab-based, quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest) | 50 | 75·8 |
| Observational | 6 | 9·1 |
| Secondary data analysis | 2 | 3·0 |
| Sample size | ||
| < 100 | 54 | 81·8 |
| 100–300 | 5 | 7·6 |
| Not reported | 8 | 12·1 |
| Sex | ||
| All females | 1 | 1·5 |
| All males | 0 | 0 |
| Both sexes | 59 | 89·4 |
| Not reported | 7 | 24 |
| Mean age (years old): | ||
| 20–30 | 19 | 28·8 |
| 31–40 | 7 | 10·6 |
| 41–50 | 3 | 4·5 |
| 50–60 | 5 | 7·6 |
| Not reported† | 28 | 42·4 |
| Baseline BMI (kg/m2) | ||
| Reported | 37 | 56·1 |
| Not reported | 30 | 45·5 |
*
One included article consisted of two studies; hence, the total number of studies is 66.
†
Includes ten studies that provided age ranges.