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. 2021 Apr 28;11(5):564. doi: 10.3390/brainsci11050564

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Effects of 17βestradiol (E2) and transforming growth factor β (TGF−β) on the expression of estrogen receptor α (ER-α), Smad2, and Smad3 in human GBM-derived cells. U251 and U87 cells were treated with vehicle (V, 0.01% cyclodextrin + 0.0001% BSA), E2 (10 nM), TGF-β (10 ng/mL) and E2 + TGF-β for 48 h. The expression of ER-α, Smad2, and Smad3 proteins was determined by Western Blot using α-tubulin as load control. Results are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM); n = 3; * p < 0.05 vs. all other groups; # p < 0.05 vs. V and TGF-β; + p < 0.05 vs. V.