Table 2.
Red blood cell (RBC) membrane fatty acid profile.
| Obese Cluster (G1) n = 65 |
MHO Cluster (G2) n = 11 |
Normoweight (G3) n = 118 |
ANCOVA | Post Hoc Pairwise Comparison (p-Value) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fatty acids (%) | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | p | G1:G2 | G1:G3 | G2:G3 |
| 16:0 | 22.38 | 0.13 | 22.62 | 0.32 | 22.50 | 0.09 | 0.64 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 18:0 | 18.35 | 0.13 | 17.59 | 0.32 | 17.72 | 0.10 | <0.001 | 0.08 | <0.001 | 1.00 |
| Total SFA | 40.72 | 0.12 | 39.84 | 0.32 | 40.13 | 0.09 | <0.001 | 0.03 | <0.001 | 1.00 |
| 16:1/9c | 0.42 | 0.02 | 0.50 | 0.04 | 0.40 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.28 | 0.83 | 0.76 |
| 18:1/9c | 16.34 | 0.15 | 17.34 | 0.37 | 17.45 | 0.11 | <0.001 | 0.04 | <0.001 | 1.00 |
| 18:1/11c b | 1.13 | 0.03 | 1.32 | 0.07 | 1.19 | 0.02 | 0.02 | - | - | - |
| Total MUFA | 17.92 | 0.16 | 19.15 | 0.39 | 19.06 | 0.12 | <0.001 | 0.01 | <0.001 | 1.00 |
| 18:2 | 13.90 | 0.17 | 13.91 | 0.41 | 14.24 | 0.12 | 0.26 | 1.00 | 0.33 | 1.00 |
| 20:3 | 2.32 | 0.05 | 2.05 | 0.11 | 2.02 | 0.03 | <0.001 | 0.08 | <0.001 | 1.00 |
| 20:4 | 20.02 | 0.17 | 18.16 | 0.43 | 18.62 | 0.13 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.93 |
| Total ω6 | 36.23 | 0.20 | 34.12 | 0.49 | 34.94 | 0.15 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.33 |
| 20:5 | 0.46 | 0.03 | 0.77 | 0.07 | 0.61 | 0.02 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.09 |
| 22:6 | 4.52 | 0.13 | 5.57 | 0.33 | 5.01 | 0.10 | 0.001 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.33 |
| Total ω3 | 4.92 | 0.15 | 6.33 | 0.36 | 5.63 | 0.11 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.20 |
| Total PUFA | 41.20 | 0.18 | 40.45 | 0.46 | 40.57 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 0.38 | 0.03 | 1.00 |
| 18:1t | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.52 | 0.79 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 20:4t | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.01 | <0.01 | <0.001 | 0.72 | <0.001 |
| Total TRANS | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.19 | 0.03 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 0.21 | 0.27 | 1.00 | 0.61 |
| Indexes | ||||||||||
| ω6/ω3 | 7.65 | 0.21 | 5.58 | 0.51 | 6.47 | 0.15 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.29 |
| SFA/MUFA | 2.28 | 0.02 | 2.11 | 0.06 | 2.13 | 0.02 | <0.001 | 0.01 | <0.001 | 1.00 |
| Δ6D+ELO | 6.09 | 0.16 | 6.91 | 0.38 | 7.20 | 0.11 | <0.001 | 0.14 | <0.001 | 1.00 |
| Δ5D 20:4 | 8.87 | 0.24 | 9.06 | 0.59 | 9.43 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 1.00 | 0.20 | 1.00 |
| Δ9D 16:0 | 58.21 | 2.49 | 51.42 | 6.17 | 59.11 | 1.86 | 0.50 | 0.91 | 1.00 | 0.72 |
| Δ9D 18:0 | 1.13 | 0.01 | 1.01 | 0.03 | 1.02 | 0.01 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 1.00 |
| PUFA balance | 12.02 | 0.35 | 15.72 | 0.86 | 13.91 | 0.26 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.14 |
| Peroxidation Index | 137.00 | 1.05 | 140.18 | 2.55 | 137.12 | 0.76 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 1.00 | 0.77 |
| Unsaturation Index | 162.17 | 0.76 | 163.00 | 1.88 | 161.33 | 0.56 | 1.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| DNL Index | 1.63 | 0.02 | 1.60 | 0.05 | 1.59 | 0.02 | 1.0 | 1.00 | 0.36 | 1.00 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard error. Adjusted for age, sex, and dietary components extracted from the principal component analysis of dietary nutrient intake (individual FAs, families (SFA, MUFA, and PUFA), total lipids (%E), carbohydrates, proteins, and calories). b Levene’s test of homogeneity of variance was not met.