Table 3.
Biochemical parameters of healthy volunteers for each experimental time. Mean [95% CI], n = 19.
| Parameter | Baseline | 4 Weeks | 12 Weeks | F, p-Value | ReferenceValue * |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALP (U/L) | 58 [52, 64] | 55 [49, 61] | 55 [49, 61] 3 | F = 4.34, p = 0.020 | 40–129 |
| ALT (U/L) | 16 [13, 20] | 17 [14, 21] | 17 [13, 22] | NS | 0–31 |
| AST (U/L) | 16 [14, 18] | 15 [13, 16] | 16 [13, 17] | NS | 0–31 |
| γGT (mg/dL) | 17 [12, 22] | 17 [13, 21] | 16 [12, 21] | NS | 5–36 |
| Urea (mg/dL) | - | 24 [19, 29] | 34 [28, 39] | NS | 10–50 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.83 [0.76, 0.90] | 0.81 [0.74, 0.88] | 0.84 [0.75, 0.93] | NS | 0.51–0.95 |
| eGFR (mL/min) | 97 [91, 102] | 96 [91, 101] | 96 [89, 103] | NS | >90 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 81 [77, 85] | 88 [81, 96] | 86 [82, 89] 3 | NS | 70–100 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 35 [33, 36] | - | 33 [32, 35] 3 | F = 10.51, p = 0.004 | <40 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.3 [5.2, 5.4] | - | 5.2 [5.1, 5.4] 3 | F = 10.87, p = 0.004 | <5.7 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 84 [60, 108] | 98 [73, 122] 1 | 95 [77, 114] 3 | F = 6.58, p = 0.005 | <150 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 168 [154, 181] | 173 [158, 188] | 164 [152, 176] | NS | <200 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 53 [48, 59] | 52 [47, 58] | 52 [46, 58] | NS | >60 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 97 [87, 107] | 101 [88, 113] | 81 [66, 95] 2,3 | F = 13.17, p < 0.0005 | <110 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 2.5 [2.0, 3.0] | 3.0 [2.0, 3.9] | 2.6 [2.1, 3.1] | NS | <7 |
Pairwise comparisons among experimental times (4 weeks versus Baseline; 12 weeks versus 4 weeks; and 12 weeks veirsus Baseline): ALP—3, p < 0.05; Glucose—3, p < 0.005; HbA1c—3, p < 0.005; HbA1c %—3, p < 0.005; Triglycerides—1, p < 0.05 and 3, p < 0.05; LDL—2, p < 0.0005; 3, p < 0.005. * The reference values refer to healthy subjects according to the official guidelines.