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Effects of long-term BPA exposure and NAC treatment on (a) blood urea nitrogen; (b) serum creatinine; (c) creatinine clearance; (d) urine protein excretion; (e) urine protein-to-creatinine ratio. Values are mean ± SEM (n = 6 each). Veh: vehicle-treated group; BPA: BPA-treated group; BPA + NAC: BPA plus NAC-treated group. * p < 0.05 vs. their respective values in week 0. # p < 0.05 vs. their respective values in week 12.
