Table 3.

Discriminative features between thrombotic microangiopathies: Shiga toxin E. coli-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS), atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and hypertension-related thrombotic microangiopathy (HT-TMA).

	STEC-HUS	aHUS	TTP	HT-TMA
Cause
	EHEC	Deficiency or dysfunction of complement regulatory proteins	Deficiency or inhibition of the vWF-cleaving protease ADAMTS13	Malignant hypertension
Clinical Features
Age	Young children (<five years) and older (>60 years) adults	Children and young adults	Middle-aged adults	Middle-aged adults
Sex ratio	Non-discriminant	Non-discriminant	Females > males	Males > females
Medical history	Not specific	Not specific	History of auto-immune diseases	History of hypertension
Blood pressure	Normal/moderate hypertension	Moderate/severe hypertension	Normal	Severe hypertension
Neurological symptoms	Confusion frequent in adults	Rare	Frequent, focal deficit	Headache
Digestive symptoms	Frequent but not systematic at the time of HUS, bloody diarrhea	Digestive symptoms frequent, diarrhea becomes rarely bloody	Rare	Rare
Biological Features
Thrombocytopenia	Moderate	Moderate	Severe (<30 × 109/L)	Inconstant to moderate
Acute kidney injury	Moderate to severe	Severe	Absent to severe	Severe
Specific Treatment
	None	Eculizumab	Rituximab Caplacizumab	Blood pressure control

EHEC: enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, vWF: von Willebrand factor, ADAMTS13: A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 repeats.