Table 3.

P_app across RAECM-I and RAECM-II with statistical analyses. (a) P_app across RAECM-I and RAECM-II in the absence and presence of EGTA corrected for unstirred layer effects. (b) and (c) Three-way analysis of variances (ANOVA) of P_app across RAECM-I and -II (with or without EGTA). Three factors assigned for three-way ANOVA are as follows: “different solutes”, “wo vs. w EGTA”, and “RACEM-I vs. RAECM-II” with alpha being set at 0.05, where w = with, wo = without, × = interaction between factors, and DF = degree of freedom. Results suggest that there are significant differences between P_app across RAECM-I and those across RAECM-II, significant effects of EGTA treatment on P_app for both RAECM-I and RAECM-II, and P_app for different solutes in each experimental setting are statistically significant (all at p < 0.0001). (c) Summary table of three-way ANOVA for the source of variation, % of variation, p value, p value summary, and significance vs. no significance. SS (sum of square), DF (degree of freedom), MS (mean square).

(a)
Solutes	Papp (cm/s) × 10−7
	RAECM-I						RAECM-II
	Untreated			EGTA Treated			Untreated			EGTA Treated
	Mean	SD	n	Mean	SD	n	Mean	SD	n	Mean	SD	n
Formamide	55.039	4.094	6	92.761	12.368	3	68.455	11.572	8	337.655	218.957	6
Acetamide	91.555	12.191	8	110.919	5.068	6	105.353	11.416	9	387.064	92.762	3
Ethylene glycol	58.673	4.131	9	74.994	29.331	6	74.961	7.031	9	153.386	32.461	6
Glycine	4.011	0.269	7	24.168	2.581	4	7.184	0.920	8	358.107	79.375	2
Arabinose	2.641	1.012	9	15.634	4.113	6	1.322	0.398	9	95.249	50.396	6
Mannitol	2.086	0.256	6	23.468	2.542	6	2.297	0.475	9	85.370	17.206	5
Sucrose	0.869	0.141	6	11.156	2.341	5	0.676	0.261	9	37.870	2.705	3
5-Carboxyfluorescein	0.644	0.222	8	6.120	0.361	3	0.556	0.196	6	37.754	4.499	5
Sulforhodamine B	0.466	0.083	6	6.088	0.447	3	0.453	0.200	6	37.672	9.336	5
FITC-4 kDa dextran	0.180	0.067	9	2.541	0.112	3	0.120	0.019	6	9.228	1.707	3
FITC-10 kDa dextran	0.057	0.020	8	1.142	0.130	3	0.026	0.005	9	10.183	1.709	3
(b)
Source of Variation							% of Total Variation				p Value
different solutes							41.250				<0.0001
wo vs. w EGTA							13.190				<0.0001
RAECM-I vs. RAECM-II							9.550				<0.0001
different solutes × wo vs. w EGTA							10.820				<0.0001
different solutes × RAECM-I vs. RAECM-II							9.542				<0.0001
wo vs. w EGTA × RAECM-I vs. RAECM-II							8.193				<0.0001
different solutes × wo vs. w EGTA × RAECM-I vs. RAECM-II							8.303				<0.0001
(c)
ANOVA Table	SS (Type III)			DF	MS			F (DFn, DFd)			p Value
different solutes	7.52 × 10−9			10	7.52 × 10−10			F (10, 221) = 56.96			p < 0.0001
wo vs. w EGTA	2.41 × 10−9			1	2.41 × 10−9			F (1, 221) = 182.20			p < 0.0001
RAECM-I vs. RAECM-II	1.74 × 10−9			1	1.74 × 10−9			F (1, 221) = 131.90			p < 0.0001
different solutes × wo vs. w EGTA	1.97 × 10−9			10	1.97 × 10−9			F (10, 221) = 14.94			p < 0.0001
different solutes × RAECM-I vs. RAECM-II	1.74 × 10−9			10	1.74 × 10−10			F (10, 221) = 13.18			p < 0.0001
wo vs. w EGTA × RAECM-I vs. RAECM-II	1.49 × 10−9			1	1.49 × 10−9			F (1, 221) = 113.10			p < 0.0001
different solutes × wo vs. w EGTA × RAECM-I vs. RAECM-II	1.51 × 10−9			10	1.51 × 10−10			F (10, 221) = 11.47			p < 0.0001
Residual	2.92 × 10−9			221	1.32 × 10−11