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. 2021 Apr 23;9(5):462. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9050462

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Cellular composition of the aortic valve after bioreactor cultivation. Immune staining with vimentin (green) and vWF (red) specific antibodies was performed on aortic valve cross-sections. Vimentin positive cells were detected in native tissue (first panel) as well as after one week of bioreactor cultivation in standard (BR-std, second panel) pro-degenerative medium (BR-deg, third panel). vWF staining is visible in native aortic valve leaflets (Native, first panel), but not after bioreactor cultivation (second and third panel). Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI. Blood vessels in myocardial specimens served as positive staining control (last panel). Negative control was performed by staining without primary antibodies (right column). Representative pictures of five replicates were chosen. Bars: 50 µm.