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. 2021 Apr 22;9(5):420. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9050420

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic representation of the T-indipendent mechanism of the PPV 23 vaccine. Polysaccharide antigens, such as pneumococcal antigens contained in PPV23, stimulate pre-existing memory B cells (MBC) towards terminal differentiation into antibody-producing cells.