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. 2021 Apr 22;10(5):356. doi: 10.3390/biology10050356

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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hGFs were seeded on one of the following surfaces: smooth zirconia machined surface (ZrM), moderately rough zirconia surface (ZLA), smooth machined titanium surface (TiM), or moderately rough titanium surface (SLA). Expression of (A) ITG-β1, (B) ITG-α4, (C) ITG-β4, (D) ITG-α5, and (E) ITG-α6 in hGFs grown on ZrM, ZLA, TiM, and SLA at 2, 7, and 14 days. Y-axis represents the n-fold expression levels of the target gene in relation to cells in TCP group (control) calculated by the 2^−ΔΔCt method. Data are presented as mean ± SEM of 8 independent experiments with hGFs of 8 different donors (n = 8). *—significant difference between groups as tested by Wilcoxon test (p < 0.05).