Table 2.
Magnesium and serum lipids interplay in MetS.
| Author and Year | Number of Patients | Method of Mg Determination |
Main Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ali et al. (2013) [44] | 213 | Unspecified | 90% ♂ Mg intake < daily recommended dose (↓ whole grains, vegetable intake) |
| Vajdi et al. (2020) [45] | 588 | Unspecified | ↓ odds of MetS (p = 0.01), ↓ LDL-C (p = 0.04), in the 1st versus 4th quartile of plant source-based diets (↑ Mg) |
| Akbarzade et al. (2020) [46] | 850 | Unspecified | No association of nutrient patterns with ↑ Mg intake and MetS components |
| Mottaghian et al. (2020) [47] | 1637 | Unspecified | No association of Mg-rich dietary pattern and lipid profile changes ↑ TG (p < 0.05 for trend) across the quartiles of the Mg-rich nutrient pattern |
| Choi and Bae (2013) [48] | 5136 | Unspecified | ♀ and ♂: ↓ Mg intake, no link with MetS ♀ with ↓ HDL-C: ↓ Mg intake ♀ and ♂ with ↑ TG: no link with Mg intake |
| Cano-Ibáñez et al. (2019) [49] | 6646 | Unspecified | MetS: ↓ Mg intake ↓ Mg intake in ♂ and ↓ education |
| Choi et al. (2014) [50] | 456 | Serum (automatic analytical analyzer) |
serum Mg similar in MetS versus controls ↓ hair Mg levels (p = 0.046) ↑ Na/Mg ratio (p = 0.013) in MetS (−) correlation of hair Mg and TG (r = −0.125, p < 0.05) |
| Vanaelst et al. (2012) [51] | 166 | Unspecified | (−) correlations of serum Mg and non-HDL-C (r = −0.170, p = 0.030), metabolic score (r = −0.257, p = 0.001) ↓ hair Mg (p = 0.015) in ♀ with metabolic score > 3 points |
| Sun et al. (2013) [52] | 7641 | Serum (biochemical analyzer) |
↓ Mg (p < 0.001), ↓ HDL-C, ↑ TC, ↑ TG, ↑ LDL-C |
| Rotter et al. (2015) [54] | 313 | Serum and whole blood (spectrometry) |
↓ Mg in MetS (p = 0.02), T2DM (p = 0.0001), HTN (p = 0.0001) (+) associations of Mg and TC (r = 0.25; p < 0.001), LDL-C (r = 0.26; p < 0.001) |
| Ghasemi et al. (2010) [55] | 137 | Serum (spectrometry) |
↓ Mg in patients > 60 years with MetS, T2DM and hyperglycemia |
| Evangelopoulos et al. (2008) [56] | 117 | Serum (colorimetric reaction) |
(+) Mg-HDL-C association (r = 0.18; p = 0.05) |
| Guerrero-Romero and Rodríguez-Morán (2002) [57] | 576 | Serum (colorimetric assay) |
(+) Mg-HDL-C association (r = 0.36, p < 0.05) (−) Mg-TC association (r = −0.29, p < 0.05) |
| Yuan et al. (2016) [58] | 408 | Serum (spectrometry) |
(+) correlations: Mg-BMI (r = 0.128, p < 0.05), Mg-TC (r = 0.254, p < 0.05), Mg-LDL-C (r = 0.280, p < 0.05) |
| Rotter et al. (2016) [59] | 313 | Serum (spectrometry) |
(+) correlations: Mg-TC (r = 0.25, p < 0.0001), Mg-LDL-C (r = 0.26, p < 0.0001) |
Mg, magnesium. MetS, metabolic syndrome. T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus. HTN, hypertension. hypoMg, hypomagnesemia. OR, odds ratio. CI, confidence interval. ↑, increased. ↓, decreased. (+), positive. (−), negative. ♂, male. ♀, female. MgO, Mg oxide. HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. TC, total cholesterol. TG, triglycerides. VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. apoA1, apolipoprotein A1. oxLDL, oxidized LDL. RDV, recommended dietary value. Δ, variation. MgCl2, Mg chloride. mg, milligrams. g, grams. mL, milliliter. K, potassium. MONW, metabolically obese normal-weight. NW, normal weight.