| •OH | hydroxyl radicals |
| 2,3-DHBA | 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid |
| 2,5-DHBA | 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid |
| β-NAD | β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide |
| BCS | disodium bathocuproine disulfonate |
| DHS | 2,3-dehydrosilybin |
| DHSCH | 2,3-dehydrosilychristin |
| DMSO | dimethylsulfoxide |
| DPPH | 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl |
| DTT | dithiothreitol |
| EDTA | ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
| FRAP | ferric reducing antioxidant power |
| HA | hydroxylamine hydrochloride |
| HEPES | 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid |
| HPLC | high-performance liquid chromatography |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| TRIS | tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane |