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. 2021 Apr 29;13(5):1508. doi: 10.3390/nu13051508

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Gains in muscle mass with treatment of EAA and/or RT were associated with increase in MyoD and decrease in Atrogin-1 mRNA expression in gastrocnemius muscle. (A–C) Relative protein expression of Akt1, mTORC1, and p70s6k. (each protein was normalized to GAPDH). (D–F) Relative mRNA expression of myogenesis-related genes and ubiquitin proteasome-related genes and autophagy-related genes (expression levels were normalized to GAPDH). (G) Correlation between MyoD mRNA expression and muscle mass. Data are presented as mean ± S.E. a,b Groups not sharing the same letter are significantly different (p < 0.05). Akt1, protein kinase B; mTORC1, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1; p70s6k1, ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1; MyoD, myoblast determination protein 1; Myogenin, myogenic factor 4; UPS, ubiquitin proteasome system; Atrogin-1, muscle atrophy F-box protein; MuRF1, muscle ring finger protein-1; LC3, microtubule associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3; p62, ubiquitin-binding protein p62; BW, body weight.