Table 2.
Significantly different metabolites among subjects with different glycemic statuses at 0 and 2 h of OGTT.
| Comparison | OGTT Time Point |
Metabolite | OR per SD (95% CI) |
FDR | VIP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T2D vs. normal glucose | 0 h | Glycerone | 2.02 (1.45–2.87) | 0.025 | 3.31 |
| 2 h | Xanthosine 5′-phosphate | 1.76 (1.27–2.50) | 0.033 | 2.18 | |
| 5-(L-Alanin-3-yl)-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate 6-semialdehyde | 1.78 (1.25–2.59) | 0.049 | 2.16 | ||
| Cellobionate | 1.79 (1.26–2.60) | 0.045 | 1.93 | ||
| Glycochenodeoxycholate 7-sulfate | 1.79 (1.27–2.70) | 0.049 | 1.92 | ||
| L-Homocysteine | 1.79 (1.29–2.53) | 0.024 | 2.15 | ||
| Linatine | 1.81 (1.29–2.59) | 0.027 | 1.93 | ||
| 1-Hydroxy-2-methyl-2-butenyl 4-diphosphate | 1.84 (1.28–2.68) | 0.033 | 1.02 | ||
| (S)-Malate | 1.86 (1.29–2.74) | 0.033 | 2.35 | ||
| O-Carbamoyl-L-serine | 1.88 (1.36–2.66) | 0.012 | 2.68 | ||
| D-Erythrulose | 1.90 (1.37–2.72) | 0.012 | 1.82 | ||
| Sphingosine | 1.99 (1.36–2.99) | 0.024 | 1.91 | ||
| Benzoate | 1.99 (1.36–3.04) | 0.025 | 2.41 | ||
| Pyruvate | 2.01 (1.37–3.03) | 0.024 | 2.49 | ||
| Succinate | 2.02 (1.40–3.02) | 0.014 | 2.23 | ||
| D-Glucono-1,5-lactone | 2.02 (1.42–2.96) | 0.011 | 2.57 | ||
| Parapyruvate | 2.03 (1.44–2.95) | 0.007 | 2.53 | ||
| 3-β-D-Galactosyl-sn-glycerol | 2.19 (1.36–3.64) | 0.046 | 2.17 | ||
| Propanoate | 2.22 (1.58–3.21) | 0.002 | 2.80 | ||
| 4-Imidazolone-5-acetate | 2.27 (1.57–3.38) | 0.003 | 2.99 | ||
| Glycerone | 2.32 (1.64–3.37) | 0.001 | 3.35 | ||
| Porphobilinogen | 2.40 (1.65–3.61) | 0.002 | 2.42 | ||
| L-Glutamate | 2.44 (1.69–3.66) | 0.001 | 2.26 | ||
| T2D vs. prediabetes | 2 h | Glycochenodeoxycholate 7-sulfate | 1.66 (1.27–2.21) | 0.024 | 2.35 |
| Propanoate | 1.77 (1.31–2.43) | 0.024 | 2.39 | ||
| (S)-Malate | 1.84 (1.34–2.60) | 0.024 | 2.37 | ||
| Linatine | 2.02 (1.40–2.99) | 0.024 | 2.58 | ||
| Glycerone | 2.06 (1.54–2.79) | 8.79 × 10−4 | 3.43 | ||
| 4-Imidazolone-5-acetate | 2.09 (1.47–3.08) | 0.016 | 2.72 | ||
| Porphobilinogen | 2.24 (1.56–3.33) | 0.008 | 2.72 |
ORs per SD and 95% CIs were calculated by logistic regression model with multivariate adjustment for age, sex, education, family history of diabetes, current smoking, current drinking, BMI, and batch. VIP was calculated by PLS-DA model. OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; OR, odds ratio; SD, standard deviation; FDR, false discovery rate; VIP, variable importance in projection; T2D, type 2 diabetes.